Chapter 5 Lesson 2 Life in Ancient Egypt p. 108

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Chapter 5 Lesson 2Life in Ancient Egypt p. 108

• EQ What makes the Egyptian culture unique?
  In other words, how is this culture different
  from the Mesopotamian empires we have already
  studied?
• Culture ways of life beliefs (government and
  religions) and interests (skills, artwork, and
  inventions)
• Unique being the only one of its kind not like
  any other

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Egypts Early Rulers p. 108

• A. c. 2600 BC began the Old Kingdom, lasting for
  about 400 years. c.3100 BC
  c.2600 BC
  ____???_____
• Narmer
  Old Kingdom Middle
  Kingdom
• unites
  Egypt
  began began
• During the Old Kingdom
• B. Trade increased, causing a unified government
  
• and building of cities
• C. First Egyptian rulers were kings, later
  called
• pharaohs. Pharaoh means great house
• Turn and Talk Make connections between the
• terms pharaoh, great house, Narmer, dynasty

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Pharaoh as Political Leader p. 108 - 109

• A. Theocracy is when the political leader and
  the religious leader are the same.

• Egyptians were fiercely loyal to the pharaoh
  because they believed that a strong ruler unified
  their kingdom.
• The pharaoh held total power!
• He issued commands that had to be obeyed
• Wisdom and far-reaching leadership would help
  their kingdom survive disasters like war and
  famine

• B. Pharaoh appointed government officials,
  bureaucrats to oversee his commands.
• Supervised construction and repair of dams
• Irrigation canals
• Brick granaries
• C. Pharaoh owned all the land, so Taxes of grain
  were collected to pay for building projects
• Distributed land to officials, priests, and
  wealthy Egyptians whom he favored

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Pharaoh as Religious Leader p. 109-110

• Theocracy is when the political leader and the
  religious leader are the same.

• D. Egyptians believed the pharaoh was the son of
  Re, Egyptian sun god.
• Believed their pharaoh was a god on earth who
  protected Egypt.
• To honor him in public, people played music on
  flutes and cymbals and bowed their heads

• E. They had to make laws, fight battles, and
  carry out religious ceremonies to help the
  kingdom thrive.
• F. They were blamed if crops did not grow or
  disease spread.
• Example ceremonies
• The pharaoh rode a bull around Memphis because
  the Egyptians believed that this would help keep
  the soil fertile.
• The pharaoh also was the first person to cut the
  ripened grain at harvest time to produce abundant
  crops.

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Religion in Egypt The Gods of Egypt p. 110

• A. Religion played a major role in Egyptian
  daily life.
• At first each city-state had their own god but
  eventually it became more organized.
• Temples were built to honor the gods.
• B. Egyptians were polytheistic (like the
  Mesopotamians, but Egyptians thought theirs were
  more powerful)
• Deities gods and goddesses that controlled
  natural forces and human activities
• Egyptians depended on the sun to grow crops and
  the Nile River for fertile soil so, most
  important gods were the sun god Re and the river
  god Hapi
• Deity appearance resembled both human and animal
  forms
• Other Important and Famous Egyptian gods include
• Osiris- god of the underworld
• Isis- goddess of magic and life his wife
  representing faithful wife and mother
• Thoth god of learning
• Horus- god of the sky child of Osiris and Isis
  is thought to have a
• 
  connection to Narmer -- go falcons!!

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Religion in Egyptpp. 110-112
Burial Practices
Emphasis on the Afterlife

• C. Egyptians believed in the afterlife.
• They believed that life after death would be even
  better than the present life.
• After a long journey, the dead arrived at a place
  of peace.
• D. They believed every person had a life form
  called ka (similar to a soul)
• When a person died the spirit or ka left the
  body but lived at the burial site.
• E. When people died they were buried with things
  they thought they would need in the afterlife,
  like furniture, art, jewelry, clothes and food.

• Thoughts about the afterlife shaped burial
  practices.
• F. In order to keep the ka happy the body had
  to be well preserved.
• They believed that the body needed to be
  protected in order for the ka to complete the
  journey to the afterlife.
• If the body decayed after death, the ka would
  not have a place to live and would not survive in
  the afterlife.
• G. They embalmed the bodies and made them into
  mummies.
• Priests removed the organs, stored them in jars
  buried with the body. Then the priests covered
  the body with a salt called natron which dried up
  all the water in the body causing it to shrink.
  The body was then filled with spices and tightly
  wrapped with long strips of linen (mummy). The
  mummy was sealed in a coffin and placed in a
  decorated tomb.
• This took weeks to do but was suppose to keep you
  happy in the afterlife.
• Only Egyptian elite, rich people had nice tombs
  or pyramids. Poor was buried in caves or in the
  sand.
• Even animals were embalmed pets were sacred
  creatures that honored their gods and goddesses.

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• Anubis is the Greek name for a jackal-headed god
  associated with mummification and the afterlife
  in Egyptian mythology.

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A. Book of the Dead p. 111

• One of the most important writings of ancient
  Egypt
• contained prayers and magic spells to prepare for
  the afterlife.
• After a long journey, the dead arrived at a place
  of peace
• Osiris would greet you at the gate to the
  afterlife. If you knew the spell and lived a good
  life, you got in.

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Medical Skills p. 112

• Turn and Talk
• What do you think Egyptians learned about the
  human body by embalming?

• _______________
• _______________
• _______________
• _______________

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Medical Skills p. 112

• Turn and Talk
• What do you think Egyptians learned about the
  human body by embalming?

• anatomy
• internal organs
• blood circulation
• other?

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Medical Skills p. 112

• Sewed up cuts and set broken bones
• First to use splints, bandages, and compresses
• First medical books -- Used papyrus scrolls to
  write down medical information/records

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The Pyramids

• A. Burial sites played an important part in the
  Egyptian afterlife.
• B. Egyptians built amazing tombs to honor their
  rulers.
• C. Most pyramids and temples were built (with
  taxes collected from people) during the Old
  Kingdom, about 2000 years before Christ was born.
  
• D. Some are still standing today, The most
  famous are the Pyramids at Giza built for Khufu
  pharaoh from the 4th dynasty in the Old Kingdom.
• E. The Egyptians were considered among the best
  engineers of the ancient world.
• F. They wanted to keep their pharaohs happy in
  the afterlife because they believed the pharaoh
  controlled everyone elses afterlife.

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3-2-1 Turn and Talk

• EQ What makes the Egyptian culture unique?
• Culture ways of life beliefs (government and
  religions) and interests (skills, artwork, and
  inventions)
• Unique being the only one of its kind not like
  any other
• Religion
• Skills, Artwork, Inventions
• 2
• Government
• 1

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History Mystery
Case No. 605 Egyptian Culture
Name ______ _____
You are a dead Ancient Egyptian pharaoh that has
led a good, respectable life. You, like so many
pharaohs before you, want to make it to the place
of peace to live happily ever after. You have
memorized your spell so that when Osiris greets
you at the gate, you will be prepared. You have
built a beautiful pyramid, that at this very
moment contains all your worldly possessions that
you hold dear. The only step left is to preserve
your body for your ka. To solve this history
mystery, label and describe several steps of the
medical process that will prevent your body from
decomposing. When the bell rings, please place
your history mystery in the case file on the
door.
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History Mystery
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Homework Web of 12On your own, make a web
that summarizes all you have learned so far about
the Egyptian culture
What makes the Egyptian culture unique?
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Social Hierarchy
Pharaoh/ gods, pharaohs wife and family
Vizier the most important court official and
advisor to the pharaoh, Priests, nobles rich,
important families, bureaucrats gov officials,
army officers, doctors
Traders, merchants, artisans, engineers,
architects, scribes, teachers, shopkeepers
Farmers, herders, fishers, foot soldiers
Unskilled workers , tomb builders, slaves,