The Structure and Function of Cells

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The Structure and Function of Cells

• Cell Theory
• Organelles
• Cell Diversity

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The Cell Theory

• 3 Parts
• All organisms are made up of one or more cells
• All cells carry out life processes
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells

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Who is Responsible for this cell theory????

• A whole bunch of dead scientists..
• Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
• Robert Hooke
• Matthais Schleiden
• Theodor Schwann
• Carolis Linnaeus

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The Parts of a Cell (organelles)
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Cell Membrane

• Both plant and animal cells
• Controls the material entering and leaving the
  cell

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Cell Wall

• Outside the cell membrane
• Made of cellulose
• Maintains shape
• Only in Plant Cells

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Nucleus

• Directs cell activities
• Contains DNA
• Prokaryotes no nucleus.
• Eukaryotes have a nucleus.

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Nucleolus

• Inside Nucleus
• Contains protein and RNA

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Ribosome

• Protein builders of the cell
• Free (in cytoplasm)
• Attached (ER)

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• 2 Types
• Rough
• Smooth
• Used for transport

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Golgi Apparatus

• Packaging center
• Molecules packed into vesicles

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Golgi Apparatus
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Mitochondrion

• POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
• Breakdown molecules for energy Cellular
  Respiration

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Chloroplast (Plant cells only)

• Carry out photosynthesis
• Contains chlorophyll

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Photosynthesis
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Vacuole

• Storage
• Food/Water
• Oil
• Wastes
• Huge in plant cells
• Central Vacuole

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Turgor pressure

• Plants can remain upright and not droop over.

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Lysosomes

• Digest food inside the cell
• Break down any other dying organelles

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Centrioles

• Only in animal cells
• Used during cellular reproduction

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Lets put em all together
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
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Animal Cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Golgi Apparatus
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Plant Cell
Chloroplast
Vacuole
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Major Differences between Plant and Animal Cells

• Plant Cells
• Plants have a cell wall
• Contain chloroplasts
• Have a large vacuole
• Do NOT have centrioles

• Animal Cells
• No cell wall
• No Chloroplasts
• Small vacuoles
• Have centrioles

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One more thing to worry aboutProkaryotic vs.
Eukaryotic cells

• Prokaryotes
• NO NUCLEUS
• Have a cell membrane and cytoplasmbut no
  organelles
• Carry out life processes

• Eukaryotes
• HAVE NUCLEUS
• Have organelles contained within the cytoplasm
• Carry out life processes