Comments from Japan

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Comments from Japan

July 1/2004 Aichi University Masako Bando
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Status of Japan

• Young generation
• Olympic competition of physics???
• Status of high school boys
• Silver generation
• Powerful and curious, especially women
• ? Not only physics but ecology etc

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Common Problem

• Modern Physics
• hard, Cool, difficult
• Gap between specialists and people
• Gap between daily life and physics
• Gap between researching and teaching
• etc

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Compare JPS and JCS

• Serious problem of pollution caused by
• Artificial chemical products.
• Students who measure chemistry drastically
  decreased
• Many trials and appeals
• to get social understanding

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Physics v.s Chemistry

• Cosmos Ecology
• Neutrino pollution

I need good instruments of such but still do feel
these are not enough.
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Characteristics of Physics
Why??

• The ratio of women in Physicists
• Women in Physics may be
• the least in all fields
• The ratio of women physicists
• Japan may the least in the world
• High energy
  physics
• Space science
• Biotechnology
• Computer Science

Big science
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Investigation of students by questionnaire

• Hate some kinds of key-wards
• symbols and figs of atoms together electron,
• log, square root,
• Aversive Stimulus
• S, sin vector cell

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Students measuring non-natural science may give
some hints

• They often watch TV program
• search X project X
• They prefer to take natural science lectures
• They are curious enough
• They do not think that they did not take
• natural science course because of bad text
  books
• or teachers.

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1
Possible Experiments for big Classes
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20 century Modern Physics

• Relativity Quantum theory
• Phase transition

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Solid State Physics Inflation UniverseUnified
Theory

Kanazawa University Aoki et al
Social phenomena
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Extreme situation

• High technology
• Primitive experience
• Most of the experiments
• from outside of objects
• They become atoms or molecules

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Group Experiments Ising model
700 students Measuring Management or
Law
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start
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Rule red ? blue

• The dominant color of nearest people
• Change color if your color is different
• from 1
• Keep the same color if your color is the same as
  1

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Final stage
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They say
Physics is understandable ! Same phenomena may
occur in our society, fashion, vote, for
example found boundary effects !
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Responses
Fashion, Trends ?
I can understand it since I became a molecule
Application to traffic flow (physics students)
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• Data from Hanshin highway

Q
Vertical car density
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?????? (Optimal Velocity Model) ????????
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Simulation
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Video show
Cell automaton by kinder-garden
children 700 students experiments about
16-8 steps after colors become uniform

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Variation
U235 Nuclear decay
The concepts Chain reaction Critical
mass Critical density Controller
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In this case we need

• Neutrons
• beans
• drops wrapped by fancy paper
• news paper
• Clean up class rooms
• radioactive nuclear garbage

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2
What Images Do Japanese Students Have About
Einstein?
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Einstein
1905 ? 2005 WYP
General relativity Photon theory Brownian motion
Manhattan project
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Another point of view

• Physics
• Society

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From Currie to Einstein
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Historical Events of Atomic Energy

• 1895 X ray
• 1898 Currie Natural radioactive elements
• 1905 Einstein Emc2
• 1938 nuclear reaction U235
• 1939 APS meeting
• Letter of Einstein to The
  president
• 1940 Mode committee
• 1941 Fermi, Oppenheimer critical mass
• 1942 Manhattan project
• 1943 Los Alamos Institute
• 1945 Frank report (June)
• Hiroshima, Nagasaki (Aug.)

Nuclear energy
Manhattan Project
Atomic Bomb
After the War 2
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Einstein

• The rise of Nazism and the horrifying events of
  World War II forced him to reconsider his
  anti-war position. Concerned the Nazis were
  building an atomic bomb, he urged the United
  States to build one first. Six years later, when
  the bomb was dropped on civilians, Einstein
  openly regretted his action and became a champion
  of nuclear disarmament for the rest of his life.

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• In the last week of his life Einstein
  collaborated with Bertrand Russell on a manifesto
  concluding with a resolution to be presented to a
  world convention of scientists which read
• In view of the fact that in any future world
  war nuclear weapons will certainly be employed,
  and that such weapons threaten the continued
  existence of mankind, we urge the governments of
  the world to realize, and to acknowledge
  publicly, that their purposes cannot be furthered
  by a world war, and we urge them, consequently,
  to find peaceful means for the settlement of all
  matters of dispute between them.

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Students

• I thought that Einstein was the scientist who
  made atomic bomb.
• I understand that he wanted to make atomic bomb
  before Hitler.
• Are Scientists so naïve to predict that army may
  use in a wrong way?
• It is common phenomena that science is wrongly
  used. Social system is important.

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Madame Curie

•  Marie Sklodowska was born on November 7, 1867,
  in Warsaw, Poland. Her early years were strongly
  influenced by her parents, who were both
  educators. She later joined with Faculty of
  Sciences at the Sorbonne. This made Marie the
  first woman to teach at the university level in
  France.
• Marie Curie shared with her husband, Pierre
  Curie, the honors for discovering two radioactive
  elements, radium and polonium. The discovery of
  these elements laid the foundation for future
  discoveries in nuclear physics and chemistry.

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I am now planning to organize

• What Einstein dreamed?
• in Aichi University
• Organized special class
• collaborating with lectures

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3
Possible Roles of Women Scientists In Science
Societies
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• I would like to comment on possible, important
  roles women researchers may take. Women usually
  experience more multi-style lives than men. Many
  of them spend less time in pure scientific work
  than men, but they make more effort to change
  their social and natural environments and are
  more concerned with family care and daily life
  than men. Such experiences of women may
  contribute to the creation of new areas in
  science. I believe that quality of science and
  the atmosphere of academic society will improve
  when men and women appreciate different
  experiences and perspectives, share them, and
  work cooperatively.

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Note that

3 women scientists
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New Area by Women Scientists

• ?????

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Theo Colborn

• 
  
• 
  1927 born
• 
  1947Rutgers University
• 
  1978 graduate course
• 
  1985 PhD
• 
  1988- WWF-US
• She is Director of the Wildlife and Contaminants
  Program, and Senior Program Scientist, at the
  World Wildlife Fund. Colborn was a grandmother
  with a background in pharmacy when she returned
  to school and got her Ph.D. at the age of
  fifty-eight. She is the co-author of Our Stolen
  Future (1996) and organizer of a groundbreaking
  1991 meeting at the Wingspread conference center
  in Wisconsin that brought together scientists to
  discuss the evidence on endocrine disruption.

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• 1907-1964 Ecologist

"The more clearly we can focus our attention on the wonders and realities of the universe about us, the less taste we shall have for destruction."
-- Rachel Carson 1954
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Another woman
Alice Hamilton

• The founder of occupational
• medicine, first woman professor at Harvard
  Medical School and the first woman to receive the
  Lasker Award in public health

1869 - 1970
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Future prospects
Characteristics of Women Women love human beings
as well as science (although this is not yet
proven!!)
Women experience more multi-style life.
Women are more involved by Child care and Family
care than men.
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The IUPAP International Conference on Women in
Physics was held in Paris, France, from March 7
to March 9, 2002. The primary purpose of the
International Conference on Women in Physics was
to understand the severe under-representation of
women worldwide and to develop strategies to
increase their participation in physics. The
conference will serve as an initial focal point
for ongoing activities to implement these
strategies. It is the first international
conference to be held on this topic.

• Dr. Judy Franzc/o American Physical SocietyOne
  Physics EllipseCollege Park, MD 20740
  USAFax      1 301 2090865Phone  1 301
  2093269beamon_at_aps.org

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Family Situation

• Ratio of marriage people
• Ratio of people having children
• Number of children

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Ratio of marriage-people in Academia (JPS data)
Marriage is not a very serious barrier
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Average number of children(Industry of JSAP
data)
Child Care Leave System
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Research Activity

• Publication of papers, etc.
• Talks in conferences, etc.

• Experience of Chairing Conferences
• Experiences of executive positions of academic
  societies

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Women in Physics We hope to change the world
Atmosphere of academic society Without Nomiya
Creation of new area involving life, peace
ecology, etc., if women enjoy science.
.
Budget distribution may become more transparent
with humanity if women join decision-making
committees.
Madame Currie, Raychel Carlson, Theo Colborn
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Golden Age of women scientists

• Women can be more active after children care
  period
• From the talk
• at the IUPAP Conference
• Women in Physics
• March 2002 in Paris

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Survey of Questionnaire JOINT PROJECTSbut
different questions JPS (The Physical Society
of Japan) JSAP(Japan Society of Applied Physics
)

• Encouraged by IUPAP activities
• Thanks to Women in Physics

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Example Number of papers (JPS data)
Initial condition is almost equal but difference
is appreciable from around 35 years old.
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Macroscopic Analysis of Life Cycle of Academic
Activity
Male
Female
Preliminary calculation from the age
distribution of publications
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Average working hours at home
Overall, women work longer hours at home.
2.5
men
2.0
women
Average hours(H)
1.5
1.0
0.5
In the higher age groups, women work even longer
hours at home.
0.0
Under 20
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
Over 60
3-3
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Average working hours in the office
11.5
11.0
Situation reverses in the over 60 age group
10.5
10.0
Average working hours in office(H)
Overall, women work less hours in the office.
men
9.5
women
9.0
Under 20
Over 60
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
3-2
55
11.5
At office
hour
11.0
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.0
At home
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Above 60
Below 20
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
?11
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Lifecycle analysis Academic Achievements
Physicists can see more clearly
Microscopic analysis As well as Macroscopic
analysis
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example 1
Microscopic Approach for Life Cycle of Academic
Activity
Women with 3 children Example 1
Cited from Marriage, Motherhood and Research
Performance in Science By J.R.Cole and H.
Zuckerman cited from Science (1987)
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Example 2
Women with 2 children Example 2
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Thank you for your attention!