Sexually Transmitted Infections

1
Chapter 25

• Sexually Transmitted Infections HIV/AIDS

2
The Risk of STIs

• Sexually transmitted disease (STD) or Sexually
  transmitted infections are infectious diseases
  spread from person to person through sexual
  contact

3
STDs The Hidden Epidemic

• Epidemics occurrences of disease in which many
  people in the same place at the same time are
  affected
• Many people are asymptomatic meaning they are
  without symptoms
• Even though STDs are diagnosed they are not
  always reported

4
High Risk Behaviors

• Being sexually active with more than 1 person
• Engaging in unprotected sex
• Selecting high-risk partners
• Using alcohol and other drugs

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Consequences of STDs

• Some STDs are incurable Some symptoms can be
  treated but the virus can still remain in the
  body
• Some STDs cause cancer hepatitis B virus can
  cause cancer of the liver. HPV can cause cancer
  of the cervix

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Consequences of STDs

• Some STDs can cause complications that affect the
  ability to reproduce females can develop PID
  which can damage the reproductive organs
• Some STDs can be passed from an infected female
  to her child before, during or after birth

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Preventing an STD through abstinence

• Abstinence the deliberate decision to avoid
  harmful behaviors, including sexual activity
  before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol,
  and other drugs

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Common STIs

• Lesson 2

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Human Papillomavirus

• Human Papillomavirus or HPV is a virus that can
  cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection
• A PAP test and other medical examinations may
  detect changes associated with HPV
• Most cases appear to be temporary and are
  probably cleared by the immune system

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Genital Warts

• These are pink or reddish warts with cauliflower
  like tops that appear on the genitals, the
  vagina, or the cervix one to three months after
  infection from HPV
• Diagnosis is determined by a health care worker
  by examination of the warts

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Genital Warts

• Examination treatment is essential, because
  once you have acquired the virus you have it for
  life

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Chlamydia

• Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that affects
  the reproductive organs of both males and females
• It is asymptomatic often goes undetected
• It is diagnosed by laboratory examinations of
  secretions
• It can be treated with antibiotics

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Genital Herpes

• Genital Herpes is an STD caused by the herpes
  simplex virus. There are 2 types
• Herpes Simplex 1 usually causes cold sores
• Herpes Simplex 2 usually causes genital sores
• Both types can infect the mouth and the genitals

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Genital Herpes

• Genital Herpes is another one of the viruses that
  once you have contracted it, you have it for
  life!
• The virus can spread even when no signs or
  symptoms are present
• Medication can help prevent outbreaks and help
  control herpes but there is no cure

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Gonorrhea

• Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that usually affects
  mucous membranes
• 50 of all females show no symptoms of gonorrhea
• It can be treated with antibiotics
• It is diagnosed by examining the discharge from
  males and females

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Trichomoniasis

• Trichomoniasis is an STD caused by a microscopic
  protozoan that results in infections of the
  vagina, urethra, and bladder
• The disease could lead to vaginitis in women and
  inflammation of the vagina characterized by a
  discharge

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Syphilis

• Syphilis is an STD that attacks many parts of the
  body and is caused by a small bacterium called a
  spirochete
• The disease spreads throughout the blood stream
  and if left untreated will lead to damage of the
  liver and other organs

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No Symptoms

• The following STDs can be present without any
  symptoms (asymptomatic)
• Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Genital Herpes,
  Trichomoniasis, some HPV Viruses

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HIV / AIDS

• Lesson 3

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AIDS / HIV

• AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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How HIV Attacks Cells

• 1. HIV attaches to cell surface
• 2. Virus core enters cell and goes to nucleus
• 3. Virus makes a copy of its genetic material
• 4. New virus assembles at cell surface
• 5. New virus breaks away from host cell

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HIV the human body

• As the virus enters your body and takes over
  cells, it reproduces and looks to decrease the
  number of T cells. Therefore making the immune
  system more susceptible to disease
• Opportunistic Infections are infections that
  occur in individuals who do not have healthy
  immune systems

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How HIV is transmitted

• HIV can only be transmitted 1 of 4 ways
• Through Blood
• Semen
• Vaginal Secretion
• Breast Milk

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How is HIV transmitted

• HIV enters cells of the immune system, where it
  makes more viruses that break away and attack
  other cells

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HIV Rumors

• You cannot get HIV from the following
• Kissing
• Toilet Seats
• Pay Phones
• Hugging
• Insect Bites

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Treatment for HIV AIDS

• Lesson 4

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Stages of HIV infection

• Stage 1 Asymptomatic stage a period of time
  during which a person infected with HIV has no
  symptoms
• During this stage a person may show no signs for
  6 months to 10 years
• However, the virus continues to grow the
  infected person can still transmit the virus

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Stages of HIV infection

• Stage 2 Symptomatic Stage the stage in which a
  person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result
  of a severe drop in immune cells
• Such symptoms may include swollen glands, weight
  loss, and yeast infections

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Stages of HIV infection

• Final Stage AIDS, during the ladder stage of
  HIV infection, more serious symptoms appear until
  the infection meets the official definition of
  AIDS

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Detecting HIV

• There are basically 2 tests used in detecting HIV
• EIA or the ELISA test is a test that screens for
  the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood

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Detecting HIV

• The EIA test can give inaccurate results 2
  reasons include
• 1. Developing antibodies takes time perhaps the
  virus has not yet been completely developed in
  the body. Remember it could take many weeks
• (3-4 weeks) to get an accurate reading

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Detecting HIV

• 2. Certain health conditions such as
  hemophilia, hepatitis, and pregnancy can cause
  false readings

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Detecting HIV

• If the EIA test is positive then they will
  perform it a second time just to be sure that
  the results are accurate.
• If this is the case then they move onto another
  test called the Western Blot Test

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Detecting HIV

• Western Blot is the most common confirmation test
  for HIV in the United States
• If this test comes back positive that means that
  all 3 tests have came back positive and then the
  person is determined to have HIV or HIV-Positive