Title: ???(cosmology)
1??? ??? ????? 137??? ??? ??
- ???? ??(2014.3.24.)
- ????? ??????????
- ? ??
2???(cosmology)
- ??????
- ??? ??, ??, ??? ???
- ??? ???????? ??? ? ??(??)??
- ????? ? ? ???
- 1) ??????? ???
- 2) ??? ????? ???(Big Bang)??
- 3) 1998? ????????
- ???? ????
- 1)??? 2) ??? 3) ??? ??
- ?????
- ???(Big Bang)???(inflation)
32006? ?? ???? ?????
-
- ?????? ? ??-???
- ????? ????? ???
- ????? ???? ??(COBE)?
- ???? ??? ???? ??? ??(2.7K)? ??? ??? ???
??? ??. - ??? ???(? ?? WCU??) ?? ?? ???? 10??? 1??
??? ??? ??? ???? ????.
4COBE vs WMAP(NASA)
5Planck Satellite (ESA)
6??-38? ?? ???? ? ?? (???,?????)
COBE(1992)
WMAP(2004)
7??? ?????? ????
8Cosmic microwave background seen by Planck
(2013.3.21,ESA) ?Planck reveals an almost perfect
Universe
9 ??? ??? ???????
- ???(Big Bang)??
- ??? (????? ? ?????)
- ?? ???? ??? ?? ?.
- 1940?? ???? ???? ???.
- ??? ??? ??? ?.
10???? ?? ? ??? ??, ??
??? ????
????? ??? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ???????
? 3? 45? ??
11??????? ????
?? ?? ?????????
- 1.1929? ??? ??????(????)
- ???? ???????? X ??????
- 2. 1965? Wilson-Penzias? ????? ??
- ???? ???????? 2.7K??
- ? ??? 7cm? ???????
- 3. ?? ?????? ????? ???
- ???? 3? ? ?? ? ?? ?? 31
- 4. COBE-????? ?? 2.7K ? ??????
- 5. WMAP-????? ?? ???? ? ??? ??
12?????(1? ??)
13??-???? ?????? ?? ??
????????? ???
14???? ????? ??? ????
15COBE-????? ?? ???????? 2.7K??(1?? 4? ??)
- ???? ? 380,000?? ??? ??? 3,000 K?? ??? ? ??
?????, ??? ???(??? ???? ?). ??? ??? - ???? ??? ??? ??? ????(???? ????)???, ????? ??
????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ??? 2.7K ?.
2.7K
16?? ???? ??? ?? ?40??(100???) ??? ??(?? ??? ??)
- ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??
???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??. -
- ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ? (?? ?)? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?
???
17?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?(Nature 469,504,2011)
The tiny, dim object observed by Hubble could be
a compact galaxy of blue stars that is seen as it
was only 480 million years after the Big Bang.
The rate of star formation was about 200 million
years later.
Ultra-deep-field exposure taken with NASAs
Hubble Space Telescope
18(No Transcript)
19Big-Bang??? ?????
- ?????
- ????? ?????
- ? ??? ?????
- ?????
- ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ???
???? ???? - 10? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??.
20Big Bang??? ???? ??????
- ???(?????)? ??
- Guth (?????)
- ?Old inflation(X)
- Linde, Albrecht Steinhardt
- ? New inflation (slow-roll
inflation) -
21?????(inflation)
22?????
23???????
24??? ????
- ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???
- ????? ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?
? ?? ????. - ? ???, ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?
??. -
25?????? ???? ????
- ???COBE WMAP?? ???? ?? ??
- 1)??????? ?? ??? ??
- ????? ? ??(??)???? ??? ???
- ?? ????????(Large Scale Structure) ???
- 2)??????(CMBR)? ?? ?????
- 1/100,000??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???.
- ???????(LSS)??? ?? ??
- 3) SDSS? 2dF??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????
- ?????????(power spectum???? ????)? ????
- ??
26??? ?? ????? ????(??? ??) (2014? 3?18?)
.
?? ??? ?????? ??????? 17?(????) ? 138?? ? ??? ??
??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???.
??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????.
???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ???
?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???. ???, ???? ??? ??????
???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??
???.
????? ??? ??? ???2(BICEP2)?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???
?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????.
????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????, ? ??? ??
?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??. ?? ??? ? ????? ???? ???? ???
?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?
???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????. ???? ?? ??? ??
?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??.
27BICEP and B-mode of primordial gravitational
waves
The BICEP (Background Imaging of Cosmic
Extragalactic Polarization) telescope at the
South Pole, designed to measure polarized light
from the early Universe.
Primordial gravitational waves give the
divergence-free B component in the CMB
polarization.
28(No Transcript)
29WMAP? ?? ???????? (2? ??)
30??? ????(Large Scale Structure LSS)
- 1.2dF?? ??? (galaxies)? ??
- (Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey,
2001?) - 2. 250,000 ???? ??(????, ???? ? 1Gpc? ???)
- 3. ????(????? ??)? ? ??? ??? 3????? 2?? ???? ???
31????
32??????(38???137???? ????? ?100,000??? )
33????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????
- ??
- ????????(?????)
- ????0 ??
- ??? ??? ??(slowing expansion)
- (Reheating??????????????)
- ????0 ??(??????)
- ??? ??? ??(accelerating expansion)
- ??? ???? ??(??? ??)?
- ?wlt-1(????)?? ??? ?? ?? ?
- Big Rip(??? ??)?
34????? ??????
- ?????
- (??????)
- ????
- (?????)
- ????????
- (?? ? ????)
35????? ????? ????
- 1933? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??
- ????? ?????
- ??????? 90? ??? ???
- ??????? ??? ?????
- ? ??? ???? ?? ????
- ????? ??? ??? ???
- (?? 5-10? ? ??)
36???? M33? ????
- Solid line total rotation curve
- Dot-dashed line dark matter
- Short-dashed line stellar disk
- Long-dashed line gas
- At large radii, dark matter
- dominates.
37??????? ???????
38??????
????? ?? 4?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????
??? ?? ????? ???? 4?? ???? ???.
39(No Transcript)
40 ?????? ????? ????
- 1) Ia ? ???(????)?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????
??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??. - 2) ?? ?? ???? 1998? ? ????? ??? ???? ???? ? ??,
??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. - 3) ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???.
- 4) 2010? ????? ????? 557? ???????? ????? 99
???. -
412011?? ????
? ???, ???? ??, ?? ??
??????? ??? ? 3? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? 100???
??? ??? 50? ?? ?? (???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? '??
??) ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??(?)
42???? ??
43 ????-??? ??
???????
??? ????
44??-???? ?
45????? ????
- 1) ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
?. - 2) 60?50?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
- ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??
- 3) ?? ???? 90?? ??? ???? ?? ??
- (2006? 11? 16? NASA, ?? ?????)
- ??? ????? ?? 24? ??? ??.
- ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????
- ?(?)??? ?? ???? ???.
46 ????? ??? ?????
- ????????
- ??,??, ??
- ????? ????
- ??, ??, ??, ????(????)
- ???? ???? (????? )
- ????? (stiff matter w1), ?? (radiation w1/3),
- (??)?? (cold dark matter w0)
- ?? (curvature w-1/3)
- ??????? (dark energy -1/3ltwlt-1)
- ???? (cosmological constant w-1)
- ???? (phantom wlt-1)
47????? ?????
- ?????? ??????? ???
- ??? ?? ?? ( )
- ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??
- ??? ??? ???? ???? ??.
- ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???
- ??? ????? ???
- ??? ??????
- (fine-tuning problem??? ?? ???
? ??) - ???? f(R) gravity, Massive gravity ??
- ??? ???? ???? ??.
-
48??????? ????? ??? ????
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- --??? ??? ???? ??.
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- ???? ??? ????.
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