THE 2nd RED SCARE

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THE 2nd RED SCARE McCARTHYISM

• CHAPTER 26, SECTION 3

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FEAR OF COMMUNISM

• ORIGINS
• World War I Era / Russian Revolution
• 1917 Bolshevik Revolution
• The creation of the Comintern
• Define Comintern
• Soviet-led organization with the stated purpose
  of cultivating and spreading communism
  internationally
• Result? THE RED SCARE OF 1917
• Define The Red Scare
• Period following Bolshevik Revolution during
  which American society grew fearful of communist
  influence in the US

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FEAR OF COMMUNISMORIGINS (CONTD.)

• 1930s DEPRESSION-ERA U.S. Some support for
  the USSR and communism develops in U.S. due to
  Depression-related troubles (high unemployment,
  business banking failures, etc.).
• Some Americans lose confidence in Capitalism.
• FDRs NEW DEAL remedies some of this.

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WORLD WAR II CONCERNS

• World War II causes mixed feelings
• WHY?
• USSR IS US ALLY THEYRE NEEDED TO DEFEAT GERMANY
• BUTTHEY ARE KNOWN TO STILL BE A THREAT TO
  DEMOCRACY CAPITALISM
• EXAMPLE?
• BY 1945, COMMUNIST PARTY MEMBERSHIP IN U.S.
  REACHES 80,000
• GOVT KNOWS USSR IS TRYING TO STEAL ATOMIC
  SECRETS
• TRUMAN KNOWS US GOVT. HAS TO DEAL WITH THE NEW
  SOVIET THREAT.
• RESULT?
• 1947 GOVT ESTABLISHES LOYALTY REVIEW BOARD
• PURPOSE? TO INVESTIGATE POSSIBLE COMMUNIST
  SYMPATHIZERS ORGANIZATIONS

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ANTI-COMMUNIST ACTIONS

• 1947 HOUSE COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
  (H.U.A.C.) BEGINS HOLLYWOOD INVESTIGATIONS
• PURPOSE? TO INVESTIGATE ANY POTENTIAL COMMUNIST
  INFILTRATION INTO U.S. SOCIETY
• HOLLYWOOD INVESTIGATIONS WHY?
• Pro-Soviet films had been produced during WW II
• Some communist sympathizers did work / act in
  Hollywood
• RESULTS?
• The HOLLYWOOD TEN ARE INVESTIGATED /
  PROSECTUED, SENTENCED TO PRISON TERMS.
• WHO?
• 10 HOLLYWOOD INDUSTRY ACTORS / EXECUTIVES WHO
  WOULDNT COOPERATE WITH INVESTIGATIONS
• WHY? THEY BELIVED INVESTIGATIONS WERE
  UNCONSTITUTIONAL
• HOLLYWOOD BLACKLISTS ARE CREATED
• DEFINE
• LISTS OF ACTORS, WRITERS, ETC. WHO ARE CONDEMNED
  FOR SUPPOSEDLY HAVING A COMMUNIST BACKGROUND

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THE HOLLYWOOD TEN
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OTHER ANTI-COMMUNIST ACTIONS

• 1950 McCARRAN INTERNAL SECURITY BILL ( McCARRAN
  ACT)
• DID WHAT?
• IT IS UNLAWFUL TO PLAN ANY ACTION THAT MIGHT LEAD
  TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A TOTALITARIAN STATE
  INSIDE THE U.S.
• TRUMAN VETOES THE BILL ON CONSTITUTIONAL GROUNDS
• CONGRESS OVERRIDES (OUTVOTES) THE VETO

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SPY CASES

• 1948 ALGER HISS CASE
• OTHERS INVOLVED IN CASE
• WHITTAKER CHAMBERS
• RICHARD M. NIXON
• RESULT? HISS CONVICTED OF PERJURY, NOT ESPIONAGE
• 1950 THE ROSENBERG CASE
• ACCUSED OF PASSING ATOMIC SECRETS TO SOVIETS
• CONVICTED, SENTENCED TO DEATH

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Whittaker Chambers
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ALGER HISS GIVING TESTIMONY
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JULIUS ETHEL ROSENBERG
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McCARTHYISM

• WHO?
• SENATOR JOSEPH P. McCARTHY, R.,WISC.
• 1950 MINOR FIGURE IN CONGRESS
• NEEDS AN ISSUE TO HELP IN 1952 RE-ELECTION
  CAMPAIGN
• DOES WHAT?
• USES ANTI-COMMUNIST FEAR AS A METHOD TO GAIN
  POPULARITY
• ACCUSES OTHER GOVT. WORKERS, ESPECIALLY INSIDE
  THE STATE DEPARTMENT, OF COMMUNIST SYMPATHY,
  EPSIONAGE, ETC.
• ORGANIZES SENATE HEARINGS TO INVESTIGATE
  COMMUNIST INFILTRATION INTO US GOVT.
• RESULT?
• MANY INNOCENT PEOPLE SMEARED, CAREERS RUINED
• McCARTHY EVENTAULLY CONDEMNED BY SENATE WHEN
  INVESTIGATIONS ACCUSE THE US ARMY OF BEING TOO
  RPO-COMMUNIST
• 1957 McCARTHTY DIES OF ALCOHOLISM-RELATED
  ILLNESSES

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SEN. JOSEPH McCARTHY
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