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Energy Transformations

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Energy Transformations * * Changing Forms of Energy Chemical, thermal, radiant, and electrical are some of the forms that energy can have. In the world around you ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Energy Transformations


1
Energy Transformations
2
Changing Forms of Energy
  • Chemical, thermal, radiant, and electrical are
    some of the forms that energy can have.
  • In the world around you, energy is transforming
    continually between one form and another.

3
Changing Forms of Energy
  • Forest fires are a dramatic example of an
    environmental change that can occur naturally as
    a result of lightning strikes.

4
Tracking Energy Transformations
  • As the mountain biker pedals, his leg muscles
    transform chemical energy into kinetic energy.
  • Kinetic energy of his leg muscles transforms into
    kinetic energy of the bicycle as he pedals.

5
Tracking Energy Transformations
  • Some of this energy transforms into potential
    energy as he moves up the hill.
  • Also, some energy is transformed into thermal
    energy.
  • His body is warmer because chemical energy is
    being released

6
Tracking Energy Transformations
  • Because of friction, the mechanical parts of the
    bicycle are warmer, too.
  • Thermal energy is almost always produced by an
    energy transformation.

7
Tracking Energy Transformations
  • Because of friction, the mechanical parts of the
    bicycle are warmer, too.
  • Thermal energy is almost always produced by an
    energy transformation.

The energy transformations that occur when people
exercise, when cars run, when living things grow
and even when stars explode, all produce thermal
energy.
8
Law of Conservation of Energy
  • Energy is never created or destroyed.
  • The only thing that changes is the form in which
    energy appears.
  • Example When the biker is resting at the
    summit, all his original energy is still around.
    Some of the energy is in the form of potential
    energy, which he will use as he coasts down the
    hill. Some of this energy was changed to thermal
    energy by friction in the bike. Chemical energy
    was also changed to thermal energy in the bikers
    muscles, making him feel hot As he rests, this
    thermal energy moves from his body to the air
    around him. No energy is missing--- it can all
    be accounted for.

9
Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
  • Before the yo-yo begins its fall it has stored
    energy due to its position. At the top it has its
    maximum potential energy. As it starts to fall
    the potential energy begins to be changed into
    kinetic energy. At the bottom its potential
    energy has been converted into kinetic energy so
    that it now has its maximum kinetic energy.

10
Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
  • A waterfall has both potential and kinetic
    energy. The water at the top of Bridal Veil Falls
    has stored potential energy. When the water
    begins to fall, its potential energy is changed
    into kinetic energy.

11
Energy Changes Form
  • A car engine burns gasoline, converting the
    chemical energy in gasoline into mechanical
    energy. Solar cells change radiant energy into
    electrical energy. Energy changes form, but the
    total amount of energy in the universe stays the
    same.

12
Energy Changes Form
  • Hybrid cars that use an electric motor and a
    gasoline engine for power are now available.
    Hybrid cars make energy transformations more
    efficient so the car can travel farther on a
    gallon of gas.

13
Energy Changes Form
  • You wake up. It's a cool, sunny day, You think
    you'll go for a bike ride. But first you eat a
    good healthy breakfast. You are taking the
    chemical energy stored in food into your own
    body. Any time energy is stored, it's called
    potential energy. It's available for later use.
    Without your needing to think about it, the cells
    in your body will break down the chemical bonds
    in the food and release the energy in those
    bonds. You'll use the energy to stay warm, to
    grow, to keep your internal organs working, and
    to move your muscles.

14
Energy Changes Form
  • And you are moving. You jump up from the table,
    grab a jacket, head out the door. You hop on your
    bicycle.
  • The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. As
    you pump your legs, the bicycle starts to roll.
    Your kinetic energy is being transferred to the
    bicycle.

15
Energy Changes Form
  • Back at home, you turn on a radio It runs on
    electrical energy which travels along the wires
    that connect a power plant to your home. The
    electrical energy used by the radio is converted
    into sound energy.
  • Sound is another form of kinetic energy--it's
    air in motion. You can move your muscles to make
    sound too. For example, you can hit a drum, sing
    or shout, or strum on a guitar. The guitar
    strings, vocal cords, or drumhead, once set in
    motion, make the air around them move.

16
BIOMASS -- ENERGY FROM PLANT AND ANIMAL MATTER
  • Biomass is organic material made from plants and
    animals. Biomass contains stored energy from the
    sun. Plants absorb the sun's energy in a process
    called photosynthesis. The chemical energy in
    plants gets passed on to animals and people that
    eat them. Biomass is a renewable energy source
    because we can always grow more trees and crops,
    and waste will always exist. Some examples of
    biomass fuels are wood, crops, manure, and some
    garbage.

17
Transforming Chemical Energy
  • The matter contained in living organisms contains
    chemical energy. When organisms die, chemical
    compounds in their biomass break down.
    Bacteria, fungi, and other organisms help convert
    these chemical compounds to simpler chemicals
    that can be used by other living things.

18
Transforming Chemical Energy
  • Thermal energy also is released as these changes
    occur.
  • Example A compose pile can contain plant
    matter, such as grass clippings and leaves. As
    the compost pile decomposes, chemical energy is
    converted into thermal energy. This can cause
    the temperature of a compost pile to reach 60 C.

19
Transforming Electrical Energy
  • Every day you use electrical energy. When you
    flip a switch, or turn on a radio or television,
    or use a hair drier, you are transforming
    electrical energy to other forms of energy.

20
Transforming Thermal Energy
  • Chemical energy changes into thermal energy when
    something burns.
  • Electrical energy changes into thermal energy
    when a wire that is carrying an electric current
    gets hot.
  • Thermal energy can be transformed into radiant
    energy such as when a bar of metal is heated to a
    high temperature, it glows and gives off light.

21
Generating Electrical Energy
  • Every Power plant works on the same
    principle---energy is used to turn a large
    generator. A generator is a devise that
    transforms kinetic energy into electrical energy.
    In fossil fuel power plants, coal, oil, or
    natural gas is burned to boil water. As the hot
    water boils, the steam rushes through a turbine,
    which contains a set of narrowly spaced fan
    blades. The steam pushes on the blades and turns
    the turbine, which in turn rotates a shaft in the
    generator to produce the electrical energy.

22
Power Plants
  • Almost 90 percent of the electrical energy
    generated in the U.S. is produced by nuclear and
    fossil fuel power plants. Other types of power
    plants include Hydroelectric and wind.
    Hydroelectric power plants transform the kinetic
    energy of moving water into electrical energy.
    Wind power plants transform the kinetic energy of
    moving air into electrical energy.

23
Quick Review
  • Changing Forms of Energy
  • Heat usually is one of the forms of energy
    produced in energy transformations.
  • The law of conservation of energy states that
    energy cannot be created or destroyed it can
    only change form.
  • The total energy doesnt change when an energy
    transformation occurs.
  • As an object rises and falls, kinetic and
    potential energy are transformed into each other,
    but the total energy doesnt change.

24
Generating Electrical Energy
  • A generator converts kinetic energy into
    electrical energy.
  • Burning fossil fuels produces thermal energy that
    is used to boil water and produce steam.
  • In a power plant, steam is used to spin a turbine
    which then spins an electric generator.
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