Evolution of Music: Part 1

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Evolution of Music Part 1

• by Dr. Jon K. Loessin
• Wharton County Junior College

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Gregorian Chants

• The roots of the Gregorgian music can be found
  in the third millennium BC. This is confirmed by
  archaeological findings, such as three-hole pipe
  made of swan shin bone. In the ancient period 7
  hole-pipes, lyres, bag-pipes, banduras, drums
  etc. were already in use.
• Gregorgian sacred and secular music has a rich
  and complex history, relatively little of which
  is documented in any depth in English. Very
  strikingly, Gregorgian music uses an ancient
  system of polyphony, usually in three parts, and
  a unique tuning system conceived outside of what
  the western ear is used to. It makes a great use
  of parallel motion and dissonance (and usually
  ending in a unison pitch). Therefore, you are
  hearing tone pairings that speak a different
  musical vocabulary.
• Populus Sion

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Gothic Era Music

• GothicA term often used to refer to the late
  middle ages (a.d. 1100-1450)
• Examples
• Organum Viderunt omnes (abt. 1160)
• Roman de Fauvel (abt.1250)

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Music of the Royal Courts The Renaissance Period

• 13th-16 centuries
• Composers include Giovanni Palestrina and William
  Byrd
• French, German, Italian, and Spanish courts

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The Baroque Period 17th Century

• --Birth of modern music for the era
• --Represented an awakening in musical composition
• --Sophistication and repetition of harmony
  through an aesthetic emotional method
• Composers include Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)
  , Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), and Georg
  Frideric Handel (1685-1759)

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Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

MAJOR COMPOSITIONS The Brandenburg Concertos
Concertos for Violin
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George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
MAJOR COMPOSITIONS Messiah Arrival of the
Queen of Sheba Love in Bath
Water Music
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The Classical Period 18th Century

• Composers included the great
• master composers like Wolfgang
• Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791
• Austria) and
• Ludwig von
• Beethoven (1770-1827
  
• Germany)

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Beethoven and Mozart

• Beethoven Compositions include
• Symphony No. 5, No. 9, and Für Elise
• Mozarts works include Eine kleine Nachtmusik
  and Turkish March

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The Romantic PeriodDominated the 19th Century

• Divided into the early romantic, romantic, and
  late romantic periods, but dominated by the music
  of the German composer Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
  with pieces like The Ride of the
  Valkyries

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Other Romantic Period Composers

• Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
• Frederik Chopin (1810-49)
• Johann Strauss II (1825-99)
• Johannes Brahms (1833-97)
• Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-93)
• --The Sleeping Beauty
• The 19th century also witnessed the Post-Romantic
  (like Gustav Mahler), Modern Romantic (like
  Sergei Rachmaninov) , and Expressionist composers
  (like Maurice Ravel)

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Maurice Ravel (1875-1937)

• Ravel became famous for what some say is the most
  sensual and erotic musical composition of all
  time Bolero
• It is so synonymous with Ravel it is usually
  referred to as Ravels Bolero
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-7ZBzIXoJDM