Title: Hierarchy of Planck Constants
1 TOPOLOGICAL GEOMETRODYNAMICS What
Might be the First Principles? Article
http//www.helsinki.fi/matpitka/articles/tgd.pdf
Slides as pdfhttp///www.helsinki.fi/matpitka/t
gdppat/vision.pdf
Matti Pitkänen
http//www.helsinki.fi/matpitka/
Books about TGD
matpitka_at_rock.helsinki.fi
2Two approaches to physics constructive and
analytic
To the beginning
- Einstein
- We can distinguish various kind of
theories in physics. Most of them are
constructive. They attempt to build up a picture
of the more complex phenomena out of the
materials of a relatively simple formal scheme
from which they start out. Thus the kinetic
theory of gases seeks to reduce mechanical,
thermal, and diffusional processes to movements
of molecules - i.e., to build them up out of the
hypothesis of molecular motion. When we say that
we have succeeded in understanding a group of
natural processes, we invariably mean that a
constructive theory has been found which covers
the processes in question. - Along with this most important class
of theories there exists a second, which I will
call "principle-theories." These employ the
analytic, not the synthetic, method. The elements
which form their basis and starting-point are not
hypothetically constructed but empirically
discovered ones, general characteristics of
natural processes, principles that give rise to
mathematically formulated criteria which the
separate processes or the theoretical
representations of them have to satisfy. Thus the
science of thermodynamics seeks by analytical
means to deduce necessary conditions, which
separate events have to satisfy, from the
universally experienced fact that perpetual
motion is impossible. -
- The advantages of the constructive theory
are completeness, adaptability, and clearness,
those of the principle theory are logical
perfection and security of the foundations. The
theory of relativity belongs to the latter class.
Return
3Problem some basic principle might be wrong!
To the beginning
- Landscape problem of M theory. Is reductionism
extrapolated to Planck length scale might be the
reason?
- Perhaps one must tolerate the tension between
constructive and analytic approaches. - In TGD this tension has been present all the
time. Path integral formalism failed. The
attempt to construct S-matrix led to a long
process forcing to modify existing visions about
ontology of physics.
- New view about time, the notion of many-sheeted
space-time, zero energy ontology, p-adic physics
as physics of intentionality and cognition,
hierarchy of Planck constants, role of von
Neumann algebras known as hyperfinite factors of
type II1 in the construction of theory,....
Return
4 Plan of the talk
To the beginning
- Represent various visions about basic
principles behind quantum TGD keeping in mind the
tension present also between them and trying to
tolerate uncertainty.
- From Equivalence Principle to zero energy
ontology ?
- Physics as spinor geometry of the world of
classical worlds? - The tree strands of physics as generalized number
theory vision fusion of p-adic and real
physics, classical number fields and physics,
infinite primes and physics. - Quantum TGD from hyperoctonionic generalization
of conformal field with values in HFF of type II?
- Hierarchy of Planck constants and generalization
of imbedding space H M4xCP2
- Finite measurement resolution as basic dynamical
principle of quantum theory? Hyperfinite
factors of type II1 (HFFs) as a basic building
block.
- Should quantum physics be extended to a theory of
consciousness?
Return
5From Equivalence Principle to Zero Energy Ontology
To the beginning
- In Einstein's GRT the tension has been present
from the beginning. - Equivalence Principle (EP) gravitational and
inertial masses are identical.
- Einstein's equations identify gravitational and
inertial energy momentum tensors. Purely local
statement. No global variant because
gravitational and inertial four-momenta are not
defined at all unless space-time has translations
as symmetries. Something wrong? - Cure space-time as a 4-D surface in HM4xS,
SCP2. CP2 from standard model symmetries and
geometrization of classical gauge fields.
- Inertial energy momentum as conserved Noether
charge from Poincare symmetries of H rather than
space-time. Gravitational four- momentum defined
but not conserved unless the action is
curvature scalar, in which case Equivalence
Principle as identity.
Return
6- Curvature scalar would predict conserved
gravitational four-momentum not consistent with
cosmology.
- Kähler action (Maxwell action for induce Kähler
form of CP2) more natural physically.
Gravitational momentum exists but not conserved.
Robertson Walker cosmologies vacuum extremals
(vanishing energy momentum and other conserved
charges) but non-vanishing and non-conserved
gravitational four-momentum.
- Does Equivalence Principle fail? Or is the
interpretation wrong?
- The problem might have resolution in zero
energy ontology. All physical states have
vanishing net conserved quantum numbers.
Positive and negative energy parts of states
correspond to initial and final states of
scattering event in positive energy ontology.
Quantum states as events.
- Basic principle every quantum state is creatable
from vacuum.
To the beginning
Return
7To the beginning
Elt0
Causal diiamond as pair of lightcones
M4-
T/2
T
M4
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Egt0
- Physical state can be visualized in terms of
causal diamond. Lower lightcone boundary contains
3-D surfaces with positive energy and upper
lightcone boundary those with negative energy.
8-
- Equivalence Principle in TGD
- Elementary partides as CP2 type vacuum extremals
of Kähler action . Random lightlike curve as M4
projection virtual particles. For extremals of
curvature scalar projection light-like
geodesic on mass shell particles.
- EP at 4-D level Topologically condensed CP2
type vacuum extremal creates a non-vacuum region
around around it. The resulting inertial
four-momentum equals to the gravitational
four-momentum.
- EP at macro level Space-time surfaces
containing gravitons must have double sheeted
structure (positive and negative energy
space-time sheets). Near the vicinity of
wormhole contacts (pieces of CP2 type vacuum
extremals) vacuum extremals are deformed to
non-vacuum extremals and carry inertial
four-momentum equal to the gravitational four-
momentum of the vacuum extremal.
To the beginning
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- EP at parton level Gravitational momentum of
CP2 type extremal inertial Chern-Simons
four-momentum, which non-vanishing only if
Kähler gauge potential has pure gauge part in
M4/- equal to Aa constant (a is lightcone
proper time). Aa expressible in terms of G/R2.
Quantum criticality fixes this ratio. No
breaking of Poincare invariance if configuration
space union of configuration spaces assignable to
lightcones.
To the beginning
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10Physics as classical physics for configuration
space spinor fields
To the beginning
- Generalization of Einstein's geometrization
program of classical physics to quantum physics. - The world of classical worlds (configuration
space) consisting of 3-surfaces of HM4xCP2 arena
of quantum dynamics. Quantum states classical
spinor fields in this space. - Geometrize configuration space.
- Kähler geometry required in order to geometrize
Hermitian conjugation. Kahler function K.
General coordinate invariance definition of K
assigns to 3-surface more or less unique
4-surface analogous to Bohr orbit. Classical
physics exact part of quantum theory.
- Mathematical existence of geometry extremely
powerful constraint. For loop spaces Kähler
geometry unique. In 3-D case even stronger
constraints from existence of Riemann connection
and finiteness. HM4xCP2 be the only possible
choice? Infinite-D Kähler geometric existence
unique?
Return
11- Quantum dynamics from quantum criticality.
Exponent of Kähler function defines a universal
vacuum functional analogous to expoment of
Hamiltonian. Kähler couplings strength analogous
to critical temperature and quantized. All
coupling parameters as predictions of the theory.
- Quantum states as classical spinor fields of
configuration space. Only quantum jumps genuinely
quantal element of theory. - Geometrization of Fermi statistics. Configuration
space spinors as Fock states for fermions.
Anticommuting configuration space gamma matrices
linear combinations of fermionic oscillator
operators for free second quantized induced
spinor fields at 3-surface.
- Configuration space gamma matrices generate
infinite-D Clifford algebra. Canonical
representation for von Neumann algebra known as
hyper-finite factor of type II1 (HFF). Encodes
quantum group and non-commutative physics.
To the beginning
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12Quantum TGD as almost topological quantum field
theory?
To the beginning
- General coordinate invariance again! 3-surfaces
can be chosen to be light-like 3-surfaces.
- Gauge bosons and Higgs as wormhole contacts
wormhole throats at which induced metric changes
signature are light-like. Carry fermionic and
antifermionic quantum numbers. Fermions as
topologically condensed CP2 type extremals.
Lightlike 3-surrfaces look locally random orbits
of partonic 2-surfaces with light velocity.
- Metric 2-dimensionality implies generalization of
the super-conformal invariance of string models.
Kac-Moody symmetries as isometries of the Kähler
metric. Lightlike boundary of M4/- gives rise
to additional superconformal symmetries.
- Light-likeness parton level formulation of TGD
as almost topological quantum field
theory. Chern-Simons action and its fermionic
counterpart. Almost means that notions of
energy and momentum make sense although theory
relies on the formalism of TQFTs.
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13To the beginning
-
- TGD does not reduce to string model although
causal determinants 1-dimensional! D
4,3,2,1-dimensionality in discretized sense.
Locally 3,2,1,0 dimensionality.
- At the bottom discrete number theoretical
braids replace strings. Braids are basic objects
of TQFTs. Interpretation in terms of finite
measurement resolution.
- Tension Kähler function of configuration space
expressible in terms of data associated with
modified Dirac operator at points of number
theoretic braid.
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- First thread p-adic physics.
- Reals and p-adic numbers, p2,3,5,7...
completions of rationals .
- p-Adic mass calculations.
- What is the interpretation of p-adic physics?
P-Adic space-time sheets define correlates for
cognitions and intentions . Mind stuff of
Descartes.
- How to glue real and various p-adic physics
p2,3,5,7,... to single coherent whole? -
- Basic principle Real and p-adic physics
completions of rational physics .
- Generalization of number concept. Glue all these
number fields together along rationals and common
algebraics to form book like structure.
The three threads of Physics as generalized
number theory program
To the beginning
Return
15- P-Adic and real space-time sheets intersect along
common rational and algebraic points.
Interpretation in terms of cognitive
representations and discreteness of mathematical
cognition and finite measurement and sensory
resolution . - P-Adic transcendentals literally infinite as
real numbers. Most points of p-adic space-time
sheets and spatial and temporal infinity.
Cognition and intentionality cosmic phenomena not
localizable to finite space-time volume.
- P-Adic topology induces effective p-adic topology
of real space-time sheet when the number of
common points large. P-Adic fractality predicted
and explains the success of p-adic mass
calculations. Cognition present already at
elementary particle level.
- TensionThe discretization required by
p-adicization implies the notion of number
theoretic braid needed in almost TQFT approach.
- Tension Exponent of the configuration space
Kähler function as Dirac determinant using only
the data defined by braid. Construction assigns
a preferred space-time surface to a given
collection of light-like 3-surfaces.
To the beginning
Return
16- Second thread classical number
fields - Imbedding space, space-time surface, partonic
2-surface, and causal determinant of conformal
field theory (strings) have dimensions of
classical number fields.
- Could one also formulate QTGD by replacing
M4xCP2 wth M8 HO space of hyper-octonions
identifiable as subspace of complefixiifed
octonions?
- Could associativity and commutativity fix
dynamics?
- Observations about subspaces of M8
- Associative subspaces are hyperquaternionic
planes M4 subset M8. Commutative subspaces
are hypercomplex planes M2.
- M2 space of non-physical polarizations selected
also in gauge theories and string models.
Gauge choice would have purely number theoretical
meaning.
- Subspaces M4 containing M2 parameterized by
CP2!
To the beginning
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- HO-H duality(number theoretic compactification)
. - Hyper-quaternionic space-time surfaces of M8
for which hyper-quaternionic tangent planes M4
contain fixed hypercomplex plane M2 can be mapped
to M4xCP2.
- Bohr orbitology at light-like 3 surface X3 M2
defines the direction of tangent space and one
can assign unique 4-surface to X3 .
- Are these 4-surfaces of M8 mapped to preferred
extremals of Kähler action?
- M4xCP2 and standard model symmetries have
purely number theoretic origin! Also
classical TGD!
To the beginning
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18-
- Third thread infinite primes and
further generalization of number concept - Take product of all primes and add to it 1. Prime
results. Construction generalizes. Infinite
hierarchy of infinite primes.
- Procedure equivalent with repeated second
quantization of arithmetic quantum field theory
with bosons and fermions labelled by primes of
given level. All Fock states and bound states
constructed at first level become elementary
particles at the next level. Continue
indefinitely.
- The hierarchical structure of many-sheeted
space-time could correspond to that for infinite
primes. Proton- although manyquark state -
would be elementary fermion at appropriate level
of hierarchy.
- Hierarchy could also correspond to the
hierarchy of nth order logics.
To the beginning
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19-
- Also infinite integers and rationals exist.
Infinite number of real units defined as ratios
of infinite integers. Not equivalent number
theoretically. Infinite-dimensional space U of
real units.
- Point of imbedding space replaced with infinite-D
space U8 of points equivalent in real sense.
What Schrödinger amplitudes in this space could
mean?
- Number theoretic Brahman Atman identity. Is the
world of classical worlds and even the space of
configuration space spinor fields representing
quantum states of Universe representable in this
generalized imbedding space which is 8-D in real
sense? Algebraic holography.
- Can one map configuration space spinor fields to
Schrödinger amplitudes in U8 in natural
manner? - Good hopes for mapping the basis of configuration
space spinor fields associated with zero energy
states inside given causal diamond and appearing
as zero energy insertions to Schrodinger
amplitudes in U8 !
- Stuff below measurement resolution experienced
subjectively?
To the beginning
Return
20Extension of Clifford algebra of CH to
hyper-octonionic conformal fields in HO?
To the beginning
- Configuration space Clifford algebra correspond
to vibrational degrees of freedom of 3-surface
with cm degrees of freedom fixed. How to
include cm degrees of freedom in H?
- In string models gamma fields define conformal
fields. Generalization replace complex argument
z with hyper-octonionic argument. HFF valued
conformal fields. - Could local variant of HFF analogous to local
gauge algebra provide first principle approach to
quantum and classical TGD?
- By non-associativity of hyper-octonions the
resulting algebra does not reduce to HFF as in
case of other number fields. Could this unique
local version of HFF underlie quantum TGD?
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21-
- Associativity n-point functions involving
local Clifford algebra elements must be
associative at least. Arguments restricted to 4-D
hyper-quaternionic subspace M4 subset M8.
- Commutatitivity fix preferred imaginary unit by
choosing subspace HCM2 subset M4 subset M8.
- Assume that partonic 2-surfaces X2 belong to the
boundary of lightcone (causal diamond) of M8,,
not only M4xCP2! ! Nontrivial condition.
- Stronger assumption also pre-images of lightlike
3-surfaces X3 belong to M4/- subset M8.
- These assumptions would explain the preferred
role of partonic 2-surfaces and of their
lightlike orbits as being due to their
associativity. Associativity not true in the
interior of space-time surface in general.
To the beginning
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22-
- Commutativity of n-point functions at partonic
2-surfaces if arguments belong to the
intersection of X2 with lightlike ray. Integral
over rays would give maximal information.
Unique discrete set of points identifiable in
terms number theoretic braids. With additional
assumptions about X2 rational or algebraic
points of H.
- If also light-like 3 surfaces in M4/- then
commutative submanifolds 1-D curves and define
the strands of braids.
- Conclusion Very many speculative must-be-trues
of quantum TGD follow as a consequence!
- Critical question Octonions would be number
theoretically more elegant. Could one replace
hyper-octonions with octonions and interpret
duality in terms of generalization of Wick
rotation?
To the beginning
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- Is Planck constant really constant? Planetary
orbits obey in reasonable approximation Bohr
rules with gigantic Planck constant (see this and
this). Effects of ELF em fields on vertebrate
brain quantal although energies of the photons
extremely small as compared to thermal energy for
ordinary value of Planck constant (see this).
Could hbar be quantized and have arbitrarily
large values?
- Possible only if the notion of imbedding space is
generalized. Imbedding space has a book like
structure. Each page covering or factor space of
original imbedding space. The pages are glued
together like pages of book. - The matters at different pages of book dark
relative to each other in sense that only
particles from same page can appear in vertices
of Feynman diagrams. Classical interactions
between different pages possible. Also exchange
of particles if phase transition changing hbar
occurs (particle moves from page to another one).
Hierarchy of Planck constants
To the beginning
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24To the beginning
-
- Dark matter as matter with nonstandard value of
Planck constant. Macroscopic quantum phases
possible even in astrophysical length scales.
Condensation of visible matter around dark matter
with large Planck constant explains Bohr orbits
for planets.
- This picture consistent with what is known about
dark matter since classical em fields are not
assumed to be of importance in astrophysical
length scales.
- The anomalies associated with living cell
understood if considerable fraction of
biologically important ions dark and in
macroscopic quantum phase.
- Tension Is the hierarchy of Planck constant
necessary for quantum TGD. The generalization of
imbedding space essential for the realization of
quantum criticality and construction of exponent
of Kähler function of configuration space. -
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25-
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- Clifford algebra for configuration space HFF of
type II1 algebraic fractal. Infinite hierarchies
of inclusions of HFF to itself as subalgebra.
What could be the interpretation?
- Subalgebra N defines finite measurement
resolution. Complex rays of state space replaced
with N rays. - In zero energy ontology elements of N insert to
the positive or negative energy part of state
zero energy part. The added part corresponds to
time scale T/2, or more generally, T/2n. - Interpretation in terms of radiative corrections
which correspond to the increase of measurement
resolution. Coupling constant evolution not
continuous but comes in powers of 2.
- p-Adic length scale hypothesis as a consequence
p-adic primes near powers of 2 preferred.
Could finite measurement resolution fix the
quantum dynamics?
To the beginning
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26-
- Additional prediction the temporal distances
between tips of causal diamond macroscopic time
scale for elementary particles. Argument goes
as follows.
- Light-like 3-surfaces locally as random
light-like orbits of partonic 2-surfaces.
Brownian motions.
- During time T particles moves average distance
given by p-adic length scale Lp. Analogy with
Brownian motion implies
T Lp2/cR, R CP2
length.
- T corresponds to secondary time p-adic time scale
T Tp,2 sqrt(p)Lp/c
- For electron T .1 seconds. Fundamental
biorhythm! - Zero energy ontology necessary in order to
understand biology.
To the beginning
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- Definition of generalized S-matrix, M-matrix, as
time-like entanglement coefficients between
positive and negative energy parts of zero energy
state interpreted as initial and final states of
particle scattering experiment.
- Unitarity not necessary. M-matrix complex
square root of density matrix. Product of
positive square root of density matrix and of
unitary S-matrix. Matrix generalizations of
modulus and phase of Schrödinger amplitude.
Quantum physics as a square root of
thermodynamics.
- M-matrix must commute with hermitian elements of
algebra N defining measurement resolution. N
acts as infinite-D symmetry algebra. Connection
with integrable QFTs and conformal invariance.
- M-matrix identifable in terms of Connes tensor
product and is highly unique. Decomposition of
HFF to direct summands implies non-uniquess which
corresponds to thermal states.
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- Tension How closely this vision relates to
other visions? - Configuration space Clifford algebra as HFF this
is essential. Finite measurement resolution
means discretization at space-time level.
Conformal field theories and TQFTs relate
closely to HFFs and inclusions. Connection with
geometric, almost TQFT, and number theoretic
visions.
- Hyper- octonionic analog of HFF might imply
generalized imbedding space as emergent structure.
To the beginning
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- Quantum measurement theory the black sheet of
quantum physics. Before one can speak of TOE
one must be able to make observer a genuine part
of Universe.
- Quantum jump and self basic notions of TGD
inspired theory of consciousness.
- Quantum jump has complex anatomy unitary
process, state function reduction, state
preparation.
- Unitary process corresponds to unitary matrix U
between zero energy states. M-matrix property of
zero energy state. - U-matrix can be assigned with the
non-determinism of volition and intentional
action. U-matrix tells also the probabilities for
p-adic to real transitions characterizing
intentional action. U-matrix probably almost
trivial.
- Self as a system able to remain unentangled. Self
results as a fusion of quantum jumps. Self
relates to quantum jumps like composite particle
to elementary particles from which it consists of
.
Should one extend quantum physics to a quantum
theory of consciousness?
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30-
- Negative energy ontology means that also
negative energy signals to geometric past are
possible. Mechanisms of memory, intentional
action, and remote metabolism.
- New view about relationship between geometric and
experienced time. (see this and this) Quantum
classical correspondence quantal time evolution
by quantum jumps must have space-time correlate.
Failure of strict determinism for Kähler action
makes this possible.
- Attention of self directed to a fixed volume of
imbedding space HM4xCP2 in standard picture it
would gradually shift towards future.
- In quantum jump configuration space spinor field-
superposition of space-time surface shifts
backwards in geometric time in a good
approximation this realizes quantum classical
correspondence. Observer experiences that
geometric future of space-time sheet emerges to
the perceptive field from future. Time flows.
Only approximation in question dissipative
effects.
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- Negentropy Maximization Principle the basic
variational principle of quantum consciousness
theory. Information content of conscious
experience measured by the reduction of the
entanglement entropy in state function reduction.
- For standard definition of entanglement entropy
in terms of Shannon entropy pure state would
always result in state function reduction.
- For rational or even algebraic entanglement
probabilities one can define number theoretical
variants of Shannon entropy by replacing
logarithm of probabily with the logarithms of
p-adic norm of probability . This entropy can be
negative. Entanglement can carry genuine
information. State function reduction can
generate entanglement!
- Possible interpretation in terms of formation of
macrosopically quantum coherent systems. Synergy.
Experience of understanding associated with this
kind of quantum jumps?
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- Tension Relationship with other approaches
-
- Consciousness theory generalization of quantum
measurement theory.
- Consciousness theory not alternative brings in
genuinely new elements. Solves problems of
other approaches. Difficulties of quantum
measurement theory. The problem of time. The
notion of information.
- The hierarchy of conscious entities and
evolutionary hierarchy corresponds naturally to
the hierarchy of Planck constants. Evolution as
growth of largest Planck constant assignable to
personal magnetic body having onionlike
structure.
- P-Adic physics forced by the necessity to
describe properly cognition and intentionality .
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- Philosophical comment about number theoretic
BrahmanAtman
- Real units correspond to zero energy states of
arithmetic QFT. Physical zero energy states must
be mapped to these. Must correspond to zero
energy insertions to positive or negative part of
zero energy state. States below measurement
resolution mapped to the points of number
theoretic braid in the resolution used.
- Conformal hyperoctonionic fields O(hi) at points
of number theoretic braid create these zero
energy states. In better resolution nonlocal
operators formed from Cliffod algebra. Small
causal diamond inside bigger causal diamond.
- Physical measurements give information about
universe above measurement resolution. The
Schrödinger amplitudes in the space of real units
below it. Subjective experience gives information
about quantum state below resolution.
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- Technical comment about number theoretic
BrahmanAtman
- Operators O(hi) constructed using generators of
supercanonical and super KM algebras . Map basis
to basis. Enumerability mathematician would
stop here.
- Infinite primes lt--gt hierarchy of space-time
sheets. Map of CH spinor fields to real units
induced at the lowest level from the map of
qnumbers of superalgebra generators to finite
primes. Find natural ordering of these quantum
numbers/states. Map to primes must respect this
ordering.
- Order states of irrep of given group by values
of quantum numbers assuming ordering of quantum
numbers.
- Order irreps of given group by the dimension of
representation or by the highest weight of irrep.
- Order the groups involved first SU(3) xSO(3)
associated with Hamiltonians of S2xCP2 first,
then KM color group, KM ew group, and KM rotation
group (say). This allows highly unique map of
the labels of super generators to finite primes.
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