The Immune System Part 2

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The Immune SystemPart 2
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The Immune System

• A system of circulating cells and substances
  which have the ability to recognize exogenous
  micro-organisms and endogenous cells which have
  become neoplastic and attack them.
• The system protects the body--self--against
  these external factors by recognition based on
  presence of antigen.

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Cells of the Circulatory System
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White Blood Cells

• A. Lymphocytes
• 1. B-Lymph's
• 2. T-Lymph's
• B. Others
• 1. Neutrophils
• 2. Basophils
• 3. Eosonophils
• 4. Macrophages

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Organs that Impact Immunity
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T-Cells
Functions 1. Killer
T-Cells--kill micro-organisms 2. Helper
T-Cells--regulate and control the production of
lymphokines that signal the plasma cells to
produce antibodies 3. Suppressor
T-Cells--discourage suppress the production of
antibodies
Mature in the thymus and are circulated to
peripheral tissues
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B-Cells

• Mature in the bone marrow
• Genetically coded to recognize outsiders
• Transform to fight and then spread
• Memory Cells--immunity
• Plasma Cells--mature B-cells
• Produce antibodies

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Macrophages

• Mature in the bone marrow-- circulate throughout
  the body
• Some become fixed to specific tissues
• ex. Histocytes (connective tissue)
  Kupffers cells (liver)
• All are functionally similar in that they engulf
  and destroy foreign material.
• Are essential in processing antigens

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Antibodies Antigens

• Antibody--Serum proteins produced by plasma cells
  that bind with antigens and induce cell lysis.
• Antigen--Any substance capable of eliciting an
  immune response--usually large protein,
  polysaccharide, or lipid molecules contained
  in/on cell walls of certain organisms.
• Every antibody is unique to the antigen it is
  reacting to

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Antigen-Antibody Binding Results In..
1. Inflammation - histamine release increases
delivery of T-cells macrophages causes
infection in the capillaries to leak 2.
Chemotaxis -movement of macrophages to area
signals phagocytes to come to the bacteria
through releasing chemicals that attract them to
the area and marking what does not belong.
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Antigen-Antibody Binding Results In..
3. Agglutination- clumping 4.
Opsonization- macrophage binding 5. Cytolysis-
cell destruction
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Terms related to immunity
1. Non-self-- 2. Memory-- 3. Specificity--
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