?- ?????????? ???????? Conditioning Theory .

1
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????

• ??????
• ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????
  ?????? ???
• ??????? .
• ?????????? .
• ?????????? .

2
??????

• ????? ????? ??????
• ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???
  ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? (??? ?? ???
  ??? ??? 1990) .
• ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??
  ????? ? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???
  ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ? ?? ?????
  ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????
  ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ... ??? (??????
  1977) .

3
?????? ??????

• ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??
  ??????? ??????? ??
• ?- ?????????? ????????
  Conditioning Theory .
• ?-??????????? ????????????
  Connectionism Theory .
• ??- ??????? ??????????????
  Gestalt Theory .
• ?- ????????? ????????????
  Functional Theory .
• ??- ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????
  Experimental Learning Theory .
• ?- ????? ??????? ???????????
  Personal And Motivation Theory .
• ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? .....

4
????? ???????? Conditioning Theory
?????? ??????-??????? S-R Theories
??????? ????????? Connectionism Theory
??????? ?????????? Gestalt Theory
???????? ???????? Cognitive Theories
?????? ??????
??????? ???????? Functional Theory
?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? Experimental
Learning Theories
?????? ??????? ?????? Personal Motivational
Theories
5
??????? ????????????????? ????? ?????????

• ????? ?????? ?????????????????????????? .
• ????? ??????? ?????????????????????? 0
• ????? ??????? ??????????????????????? .
• ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? .
• ????? ????????????????????????????????????? .
• ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????.
• ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?????? .

6
??????? ????????????????? ????? ?????????

• ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? .
• ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? Feedback ?????????
  ??????.
• ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ???????? .
• ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? .
• ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ????????? .
• ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???.
• ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? .
• ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????
  ???????? .

7
1- ????? ???????? Conditioning Theory

• ??? ????????
• ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? (??????
  - ????? - ????? ??????).
• ?- ????? ?????? (?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????
  ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????
  ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
  ?????)
• ?????? ??? ?????? Unconditioned Stimulus ???
  ??? ????? ??????????????????? .

8
1- ????? ???????? Conditioning Theory

• ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? Unconditioned
  Reflex ??? ????? ??????.
• ?????? ?????? Conditioned Stimulus ??? ????? ??
  ??????? .
• ????????? ??????? Conditioned Response ???
  ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? .
• ????? ???????? Inhibition ??? ??? ????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????
  (??????? Reward) .

9
1- ????? ???????? Conditioning Theory

• ?- ????? ????? (???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????
  ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????
  ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??
  ??????) .

10
1- ????? ???????? Conditioning Theory

• ???????
• ??????
•  ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????
  ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ???? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?? ??? ???????? ?????
  ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? .

11
1- ????? ???????? Conditioning Theory

• ?????
• ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????
  ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????
• ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????
  ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? .

12
1- ????? ???????? Conditioning Theory

• ?????? 
• ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????
  ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??
  ??????? ??? ????? .

13
2- ????? ???????? Connectionism Theory

• ??? ????????
• ??????? bond ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? .
• ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????
  ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???
  ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????
  ?????? .
• ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?
  ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????
  ??? ????? ?????? .

14
2- ????? ???????? Connectionism Theory

• ???????
• ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????
  ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
  ???????? .
• ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????
  ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ????????????? .
• ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????
  ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? .

15
3- ??????? ?????????? Gestalt Theory

• ??? ????????
• ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? Insight
  ????? ??? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ?????
  ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? .

16
3- ??????? ?????????? Gestalt Theory
????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???
???????
????? ??????? Low of Similarity ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? . ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? - ? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? - ? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? - ? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?
17
3- ??????? ?????????? Gestalt Theory
????? ??????? Low of Proximity ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? . mm m m m m m m m m m m mmmmmm
??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?
18
3- ??????? ?????????? Gestalt Theory
????? ???????? Low of Closure ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? .
?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????
????? ????????? Low of Continuity ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? .
?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? L ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? L ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? L ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????
19
3- ??????? ?????????? Gestalt Theory

• ????? ??????? ?????????? ???
• ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????
  ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????
  ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ????????? .
• ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???
  ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? .

20
3- ??????? ?????????? Gestalt Theory

• ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ???? ??? ?????? ????????
• ??????????????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????????????????????
  ?????? .
• ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????
  ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? .

21
4- ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? Experiential
Learning Theory

• ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????
• ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???
  ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??
  ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????/?? ??? ?? ????/??
  ???? ?? ???? .

22
4- ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? Experiential
Learning Theory

• ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????
  ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????.
• ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????
  ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????
  ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ???
  ??????? ????? ?? ??????????????????????????????? .

23
4- ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? Experiential
Learning Theory

• ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ?????? ???
• ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??
  ????? ????? ???????????????? .
• ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????
  ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? .
• ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????
  ???? ???? ???????????????????? .
• ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????
  ??????????????????????????? .

24
4- ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? Experiential
Learning Theory

1. ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????
   ??????? ??????????? .
2. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??
   ??????????????????????????????????????????? .
3. ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????????????????????
   ?????????????????????????? .
4. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????????????????????
   ???????????????????? .
5. ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??
   ???????????????????????? .
6. ?? ?????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????
   ?????????????? .

25
??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????

• ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????
  ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????
  ??????? ? ??? ??? ???

26
???? ???? ? ??? ?????? ? ??????
??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? . - ?????? ?????? Learning by doing
???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? . - ???????
??? ???? ?? ????? - ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? - ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????
???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? . - ????? ???????? ????????