Theories of Personality

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Theories of Personality
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Psychoanalytic Approach

• see separate assignment. Questions from book.
• Freud Defense Mechanisms, 5 Stages of
  Development
• Oral
• Anal
• Phallic
• Latency
• Genital

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Learning Approach

• Watson claims that external forces or influences
  shape peoples preferences
• Skinner agrees avoid trying to see into
  peoples minds.

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• Socialization the process by which people learn
  the socially desirable behaviors of their
  particular culture and adopt them as part of
  their personalities.

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• Social-Learning Theory focus on the importance
  of observation and the role of the cognitive
  processes that produce individual differences.

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• The Learning Approach does not deal with
  thoughts, feelings or inner struggles

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Humanistic Approach

• Self-Awareness is the very core of humanity.
• People are free to choose and are responsible for
  the choices they make.

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• Carl Rogers placed emphasis on the self
  concept a view of oneself as an individual
• Recognizing personal values and establishing
  relationships with others.

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• Congruence the consistency between ones self
  concept and ones experience. (according to
  Rogers, this leads to happiness)

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• Self-Esteem a belief in oneself or self
  respect.
• Parents play a role in developing this
• We cannot live up to the wishes or expectations
  of others and be true to ourselves.

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• Critics of Humanistic Approach say that there is
  little mention of development of traits. They do
  not predict traits, abilities and interests that
  people will develop.

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Sociocultural Approach

• Focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender and
  culture.
• Individualism vs. Collectivism
• Americans and Europeans tend to be more
  Individual. Im outgoing or Im a nurse

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• Asians, Africans and S. Americans tend to be more
  Collectivists. Im a Buddhist or Im Japanese
• Acculturation the process of adapting to a new
  or different culture.

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• Sociocultural Factors and the Self
• Self-concept is influenced by cultural factors.
  Studies show that the majority of white girls are
  not happy with their appearance.

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• This is probably due to influences in the media.
• However, more African-American girls are
  satisfied with the way they look. Girls who are
  satisfied with themselves have probably been
  taught that you do not have to meet the criteria
  established by the media or others.