Naming Molecules

1
Naming Molecules
2
Naming Molecules
P2O5
3
Naming Molecules
Rule 1 The first element in the formula is
always named first, using the entire element name.
P2O5
4
Naming Molecules
Rule 1 The first element in the formula is
always named first, using the entire element name.
P2O5 phosphorous
5
Naming Molecules
Rule 2 The second element in the formula is
named using the root of the element and adding
the suffix ide.
P2O5 phosphorous
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Naming Molecules
Rule 2 The second element in the formula is
named using the root of the element and adding
the suffix ide.
P2O5 phosphorous oxide
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Naming Molecules
Rule 3 Prefixes are used to indicate the number
of atoms of each type that are present in the
compound.
P2O5 phosphorous oxide
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Naming Molecules

1. mono-
2. di-
3. tri-
4. tetra-
5. penta-

• 6 hexa-
• 7 hepta-
• octa-
• nona-
• deca-

P2O5 phosphorous oxide
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Naming Molecules

1. mono-
2. di-
3. tri-
4. tetra-
5. penta-

• 6 hexa-
• 7 hepta-
• octa-
• nona-
• deca-

P2O5 diphosphorous pentoxide
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Naming Molecules
Exception The first element never uses the
prefix mono-.
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Naming Molecules
Exception The first element never uses the
prefix mono-.
CO carbon monoxide
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Naming Molecules
Exception The first element never uses the
prefix mono-
CO carbon monoxide Not monocarbon monoxide.
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Naming Molecules
You will have to use these rules on your next
test.
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Common Names
15
Common Names
We dont usually talk about dihydrogen monoxide
16
Common Names
We dont usually talk about dihydrogen monoxide
H2O
17
Common Names
We dont usually talk about dihydrogen
monoxide. Its just called water.
H2O
18
Common Names
dihydrogen monoxide H2O water
19
Common Names
nitrogen trihydride
20
Common Names
nitrogen trihydride NH3
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Common Names
nitrogen trihydride NH3 ammonia
22
Common Names
dinitrogen tetrahydride
23
Common Names
dinitrogen tetrahydride N2H4 hydrazine
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Common Names
dinitrogen monoxide
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Common Names
dinitrogen monoxide N2O
26
Common Names
dinitrogen monoxide N2O nitrous oxide laughing gas
27
Common Names
nitrogen monoxide
28
Common Names
nitrogen monoxide NO nitric oxide
29
Common Names
I will not ask you to memorize common names. I
just want you to know they exist.
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Naming Acids
If a molecule forms an acid when dissolved in
water, there are other rules.
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 1 binary acids (HX)
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 1 binary acids (HX) hydro________ic
acid Fill in the blank with the root of the
element
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 1 binary acids (HX) hydro________ic
acid Fill in the blank with the root of the
element
HCl
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 1 binary acids (HX) hydro________ic
acid Fill in the blank with the root of the
element
HCl hydrochloric acid
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 1 binary acids (HX) hydro________ic
acid Fill in the blank with the root of the
element
HBr
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 1 binary acids (HX) hydro________ic
acid Fill in the blank with the root of the
element
HBr hydrobromic acid
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 2 polyatomic ions (HXY) with no oxygen
38
Naming Acids
Acid rule 2 polyatomic ions (HXY) with no
oxygen hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank
with the root of the polyatomic ion
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 2 polyatomic ions (HXY) with no
oxygen hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank
with the root of the polyatomic ion
HCN
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 2 polyatomic ions (HXY) with no
oxygen hydro________ic acid Fill in the blank
with the root of the polyatomic ion
HCN hydrocyanic acid
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 3 oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the
ion ends in ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in
-ite
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 3 oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the
ion ends in ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in
-ite
HNO3
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 3 oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the
ion ends in ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in
-ite
HNO3 NO3-
nitrate
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 3 oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the
ion ends in ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in
-ite
HNO3 NO3- nitric acid
nitrate
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 3 oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the
ion ends in ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in
-ite
HNO2
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 3 oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the
ion ends in ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in
-ite
HNO2 NO2-
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 3 oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the
ion ends in ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in
-ite
HNO2 NO2-
nitrite
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Naming Acids
Acid rule 3 oxyacids (HXO) _____ic acid if the
ion ends in ate _____ous acid if the ion ends in
-ite
HNO2 NO2- nitrous acid
nitrite
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For the rest of the period
Read section 9.2 (pages 248-251) in the textbook
and do problems 27, 28, and 29 on page 251. This
is due at the end of the period.
.