Introducing Hardware

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Chapter 1

• Introducing Hardware

2
You Will Learn

• That a computer requires both hardware and
  software to work
• About the many different hardware components
  inside and connected to a computer

3
Hardware Needs Software to Work

• Hardware
• Physical components of a computer
• Visible part of a system
• Software
• Set of instructions that directs hardware to
  accomplish a task
• The intelligence

4
Functions of a Computer
5
PC Hardware Components

• Outside computer case input/output devices
• Inside the case processing and storage
• CPU most important component
• Requirements of a hardware device
• Method for CPU to communicate with it
• Software to instruct and control it
• Electricity to power it

6
Hardware Used for Input and Output

• Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial,
  parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)
• Popular input devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Popular output devices
• Monitor
• Printer

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Ports
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Input Devices
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Output Devices
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Hardware Inside the Case
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Motherboard Components

• Processing
• CPU (most important)
• Chip set
• Temporary storage
• RAM
• Cache memory
• Electrical system
• Power supply connections

• Communication with other devices
• Traces
• Expansion slots
• System clock
• Programming/setup data
• Flash ROM
• CMOS setup chip

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The Motherboard
13
The Motherboard (continued)
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The CPU
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The Chip Set

• Controls most activities on the motherboard
• Includes several device controllers
• USB controller
• Memory controller
• IDE controller

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The Chip Set (continued)
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Storage Devices

• Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
• Temporarily holds data and instructions while
  processing them
• Faster to access than permanent storage
• Permanent (secondary storage)
• Data and instructions must be copied into primary
  storage (RAM) for processing

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Primary and Secondary Storage
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Primary Storage Devices

• Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other
  circuit boards
• Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
• Types of boards that hold memory chips
• SIMMs
• DIMMs
• RIMMs

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Secondary Storage Devices

• Hard drives
• CD-ROM drives
• DVD drives
• Zip drives
• Floppy drives

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Hard Drive
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)
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Hard Drives Power Supply
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Floppy Drive Connection
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Floppy Drive Connection (continued)
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CD-ROM Drive Connection
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Motherboard Components Used for Communication
Among Devices

• The data bus
• System of pathways used for communication and the
  protocol and methods used for transmission

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The Bus and Bus Lines
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Expansion Slots
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Types of Expansion Slots
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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The Electrical System

• Power supply
• Most important component of computers electrical
  system
• Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the
  computer can handle
• Runs a fan directly from electrical output
  voltage to cool inside of computer case

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The Electrical System (continued)
35
The Electrical System (continued)
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Summary

• Introduction to hardware components of a computer
  system
• Initial insight into how hardware works