Introduction to Bacteria and Viruses

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Introduction to Bacteria and Viruses

• Tara C. Dale
• September 7, 2007
• Kyrene Akimel A-al Middle School

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Bacteria and Viruses

• Microbes are things that are so small we can not
  see them with our naked eye.
• Germs are things that make us sick.
• Bacteria can be good, bad, or indifferent to the
  human body.
• Therefore
• All bacteria and viruses are microbes but not all
  microbes are bacteria and viruses.
• All germs are bacteria or viruses but not all
  bacteria are germs. All viruses are germs.
• Viruses are not considered organisms because they
  are not considered alive.
• Bacteria are unicellular microbes that do not
  have a nucleus.

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Healthy Bacteria

• human body contains many bacteria, most
  performing useful, and sometimes even essential,
  tasks
• estimated at 500 1,000 different types of
  bacteria live in the human body
• example of good bacteria include those living in
  our digestive tract that break down certain
  carbohydrates that our body cant break down
  itself E.coli

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Unhealthy Bacteria and Viruses

• Some bacteria are not healthy for the human body
  and can cause illness and/or death.
• Some viruses kill bacteria so they can be
  considered good but they usually kill healthy
  cells too so ultimately they are considered
  unhealthy
• All viruses kill the cells they penetrate all
  viruses are unhealthy

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Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1

• also known as B Virus
• an infectious agent that is commonly found among
  macaque monkeys
• does not harm monkeys but harms humans
  infection is rare but once you are infected you
  are likely to die
• occurs mostly in lab scientists and veterinarians
• infection usually occurs because of
• an animal bite, exposure to
• monkeys bodily fluids, or a scratch
• no known treatment CDC has a
• team researching one

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Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis)

• Bacterial infection that can be fatal
• Transmitted from mucus of one infected person to
  another person patients with Pertussis cough A
  LOT!
• Symptoms include hypoxia, apnea, pneumonia,
  seizures, encephalopathy, and malnutrition
• A vaccine does exist most who get Pertussis are
  too young to be vaccinated

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Pertussis Pictures

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Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)

• Bacterial infection transmitted through infected
  food, in a wound that has the bacteria, or by
  consuming bacterial spores that create the toxin
• Symptoms include double vision, blurred vision,
  drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty
  swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness
• Treatment includes giving patients antitoxin
  most need to be on breathing machines for several
  weeks during the treatment

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Botulism Picture
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Rabies

• A virus transmitted from one infected patient to
  another organism, usually from an animal bite
• Symptoms include a change in behavior, loss of
  appetite, desire to be alone, fever, seizures
• Once symptoms begin in humans, there is no
  treatment a vaccination exists for those who are
  more likely to come in contact with rabid animals
  such as veterinarians
• Vaccinations and treatment shots take place
  several times over a 28-day period done in the
  arm and is now quite painless (historically it
  was VERY painful)

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Rabies Picture
This man had to be restrained to keep from
hurting himself and others.
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Streptococcus (Scarlet Fever)

• Bacteria that cause strep throat but also a toxin
  that causes a distinctive rash called Scarlet
  Fever
• Transmission occurs from person to person
• Symptoms include fever, chills, body aches,
  nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite may occur.
• Treatment involves antibiotics

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Scarlet Fever Pictures