Thursday 2/9/12

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Thursday2/9/12
PAP Chemistry

• Bell Ringer

• Schedule

• Get out your notes from yeterday.
• Write the balanced equation
• Ifluorine reacts with sodium
• bromide to yield

1. Bell Ringer
2. Types of Chemical Rxns Notes

HOMEWORK Practice Problems
I CANsolve chemistry problems by being an
independent, creative thinker.
Teachers open the door, but you must enter by
yourself. ?
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Types of Chemical Reactions

• Chemical Reactions

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A. Combination or Synthesis

• the combination of 2 or more substances to form a
  compound
• only one product

A B ? AB
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A. Synthesis

• H2(g) Cl2(g) ? 2 HCl(g)

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A. Combination or Synthesis

• Products
• ionic - cancel charges
• covalent - hard to tell

Al(s) Cl2(g) ?
AlCl3(s)
2 3 2
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B. Combustion

• the burning of any substance in O2 to produce heat

A O2 ? B
CH4(g) 2O2(g) ? CO2(g) 2H2O(g)
EX Burning of natural gas, wood and gasoline
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B. Combustion

• Products
• contain oxygen
• hydrocarbons form CO2 H2O

Na(s) O2(g) ?
Na2O(s)
4 2
C3H8(g) O2(g) ?
5 3
4
CO2(g) H2O(g)
Combustion reactions are a type of synthesis
reaction
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C. Decomposition

• a compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler
  substances
• only one reactant

AB ? A B
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C. Decomposition

• 2 H2O(l) ? 2 H2(g) O2(g)

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C. Decomposition

• Products
• binary - break into elements
• others - hard to tell

KBr(l) ?
K(s) Br2(l)
2 2
2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(aq) CO2(g)
H2O(l)
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D. Single Displacement or Replacement

• one element replaces another in a compound
• metal replaces metal ()
• nonmetal replaces nonmetal (-)
• Halogens are replaced by a more reactive halogen

A BC ? B AC
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D. Single Displacement or Replacement

• Cu(s) 2AgNO3(aq) ? Cu(NO3)2(aq) 2Ag(s)

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D. Single Displacement or Replacement

• Products
• metal ? metal ()
• nonmetal ? nonmetal (-)
• free element must be more active (check activity
  series)

Fe(s) CuSO4(aq) ?
Cu(s) FeSO4(aq)
Br2(l) NaCl(aq) ?
N.R.
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Activity Series of the Metals

• Lithium
• Potassium
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Magnesium
• Aluminum
• Zinc
• Chromium
• Iron
• Nickel
• Tin
• Lead
• Hydrogen
• Bismuth
• Copper
• Mercury
• Silver
• Platinum
• Gold

Metals can replace other metals provided that
they are above the metal that they are trying to
replace.
Metals above hydrogen can replace hydrogen in
acids.
Metals from sodium upward can replace hydrogen in
water
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The Activity Series of the Halogens

• Fluorine
• Chlorine
• Bromine
• Iodine

Halogens can replace other halogens in
compounds, provided that they are above the
halogen that they are trying to replace.
2NaCl(s) F2(g) ?
2NaF(s) Cl2(g)
MgCl2(s) Br2(g) ?
No Reaction
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E. Double Displacement or Replacement

• ions in two compounds change partners
• cation of one compound combines with anion of the
  other

AB CD ? AD CB
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E. Double Displacement or Replacement

• Pb(NO3)2(aq) K2CrO4(aq) ? PbCrO4(s) 2KNO3(aq)

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E. Double Displacement or Replacement

• Products
• switch negative ions
• one product must be insoluble (check solubility
  table)

Pb(NO3)2(aq) KI(aq) ?
PbI2(s) KNO3(aq)
2
2
NaNO3(aq) KI(aq) ?
N.R.