Varieties of capitalism and approaches to lifelong learning - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Varieties of capitalism and approaches to lifelong learning

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Varieties of capitalism and approaches to lifelong learning Contribution to symposium on Lifelong Learning and Social Justice: macro, micro and meso perspectives – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Varieties of capitalism and approaches to lifelong learning


1
Varieties of capitalism and approaches to
lifelong learning Contribution to symposium on
Lifelong Learning and Social Justice macro,
micro and meso perspectives British
Educational Research Association Conference,
London Institute of Education, 6-8 September
2007 Sheila Riddell, Elisabet Weedon, Judith
Litjens, Jim Crowther, University of
Edinburgh John Holford, University of Nottingham
2
Three worlds of welfare capitalism(Esping-Anderse
n,1989)
  • the liberal welfare state - limited social
    insurance plan and means tested benefits.
    Beneficiaries usually low-income working-class
    (e.g. United States and United Kingdom)
  • the conservative-corporatist regime - aims to
    retain existing social hierarchies. Strong
    emphasis on social insurance (e.g. Belgium,
    Austria) and
  • the social-democratic regime - aims to promote
    equality and provide universal benefits. Has a
    universal insurance scheme but uses some
    means-testing in provision of benefits (e.g.
    Norway).

3
Welfare families (Castles)
  • English-speaking family (Ireland, UK)
  • Nordic family
  • Continental Western European group (France,
    Germany, Italy, Netherlands)
  • Southern European group (Greece, Portugal, Spain)

4
Variants on new European socioeconomic model
(Aiginger)
  • Scandinavian
  • Continental
  • Anglo-Saxon
  • Mediterranean
  • Catching-up

5
Methods of typology development
  • Data gathered on range of indicators e.g.
  • GDP spent on education
  • Employment rate
  • Employment protection, poverty risk, measures to
    support disadvantaged
  • Ed. System characteristics outcome
  • Participation in lll
  • Policies on lll

6
Table 1 Data contributing to typology of lll
7
Data sources (see glossary)
  • Eurostat
  • Euridyce
  • EU communications
  • National Reports

8
Difficulties in typology development
  • General problems with welfare state typologies
    (welfare states nation states)
  • Basis for inclusion in particular category
  • Including new member states
  • Consistency and reliability of data

9
Country similarities differences broad
economic social indicators
  • Marked divide in GDP between old new member
    states
  • Less variation in GDP spent on education but
    richest country (Norway) spends highest )
  • Highest employment rates Norway, Scotland
  • UK Ireland have least regulated labour markets
  • Slovenia Norway have adequate measures for
    disadvantaged
  • Risk of poverty greatest in Ireland UK least
    in Norway Slovenia

10
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11
Percentage with at least secondary ed key points
  • Most systems comprehensive exceptions Austria
    Flanders
  • Countries grouped closely together but little
    variation between old new member states
  • Flanders - lowest percentage
  • Norway highest percentage

12
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13
Percentage in formal lll key points
  • UK - high proportion if formal lll, followed by
    Slovenia Ireland - flexible HE
  • Austria - relatively low participation (behind
    Estonia Lithuania) - rigid HE system
  • Lowest participation Bulgaria (also poorest
    country)

14
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15
Lll by educational attainment key points
  • In all countries, those with higher levels of
    educational attainment most likely to be involved
    in lll (formal, non-formal, informal)
  • Austria appears to have highest participation,
    but LFS data for 2003 did not include informal
    learning for all countries

16
Aigingers typology applied to lll (1)
  • Scandinavian model Norway - emphasis on human
    capital, social capital personal development.
    High investment in lll combined with regulated
    labour markets
  • Anglo-Saxon model Ireland, Scotland, England
    High participation in lll, low labour market
    regulation, high poverty risk
  • Lll seen as driver of economy means of
    combating social exclusion

17
Aigingers typology applied to lll (2)
  • Continental model Rigid stratified education
    system. Emphasis on lll as creator of human
    capital, less on social capital Tightly regulated
    labour market, but little attention to
    disadvantaged
  • Catching-up model Slovenia has many features in
    common with old member states, particularly
    emphasis on social inclusion.
  • Estonia Lithuania some features of Baltic
    states?
  • Hungary Czech Republic reflections of
    continental model?
  • Need for much greater focus on developments in
    Central Eastern European countries.
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