BRAIN ACTIVITY

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BRAIN ACTIVITY
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Electroencephalogram

• EEG Recording of electric brain waves.

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ALPHA WAVES

• Relaxed, reflecting
• Taking a break (walk)
• 9-14 cycles/second.

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BETA WAVES

• Alert, actively engaged
• Talking, reading
• 15-40 cycles/second

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THETA WAVES

• Daydreaming, disengage
• Driving, shower, running
• happy state
• 5-8 cycles/second

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DELTA WAVES

• Deep sleep
• No dreaming
• 2-3 cycles/second

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Recap Bed time

• Study notes Beta
• Book down relax Alpha
• Daydream about getting an A Theta
• Deep Sleep Delta

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SLEEP

• Well studied.
• Has cycles, that repeat during the night.

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SLEEP

• REM Rapid eye movement
• 20 of sleep is REM (90 minutes)
• Where dreams are made

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• REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder
  in which the person acts out dramatic or violent
  dreams during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. A
  sleep cycle is defined by a segment of Non-Rapid
  Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, which comprises of
  four stages, followed by a period of Rapid Eye
  Movement (REM) sleep. A typical sleep cycle is
  about 100 - 110 minutes long, beginning with NREM
  sleep and transitioning to REM sleep after 80 -
  100 minutes. REM sleep is accompanied by bursts
  of Rapid Eye Movements. It has heightened brain
  activity and temporary paralysis of the muscles
  that controls posture and body movement. REM
  sleep is otherwise referred to as the dream
  sleep as most of our dreams occur during this
  phase of sleep and the temporary muscle paralysis
  that occurs during this phase is a protective
  mechanism so that we do not act out our dreams.
  Victims of REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) do not
  experience muscle paralysis, which is the usual
  case during REM sleep. This gives the victim a
  free hand to physically demonstrate or act out
  dreams. Patient with RBD demonstrate their
  dreams with passion and intensity, which can also
  turn violent. Many such patients sit up in sleep,
  make wild gesticulations, kick or scream, even
  punch their partner as they act out their dreams.
  Such behaviors can also manifest during
  withdrawal from alcohol or hypnotic drugs.

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SLEEP

• NON-REM 80 (6.5 hrs)
• Dreamless sleep (shutdown systems)

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SLEEP

• Deep Sleep Delta waves
• Difficult to wake up
• Brain and body completely relax

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SLEEP

• Arousal Neurons turn back on.
• Build up of adenosine, melanin, wake up when the
  majority is broken down.

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• AgeAverage amount of sleep per day
• Newbornup to 18 hours
• 1-12 months1418 hours
• 1-3 years12-15 hours
• 3-5 years11-13 hours
• 5-12 years9-11 hours
• Adolescents9-10 hours
• Adults, including elderly7-8 () hours
• Pregnant women8 () hours

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• Randy Gardner holds the Guinness World Record for
  intentionally having gone the longest without
  sleep. In 1965, Gardner, then 18, stayed awake
  for 264 hours (about 11 days) for a high school
  science project.36 He experienced significant
  deficits in concentration, motivation, perception
  and other higher mental processes during his
  sleep deprivation. However, he recovered normal
  cognitive functions after a few nights' sleep.

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SPINAL CORD COLOR CODE

• Pg 222

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• J Posterior gray horns
• K Anterior gray horns
• O Posterior white column
• P Lateral white column
• Q Anterior white column
• T Anterior median fissure
• U Central Canal

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Spinal Cord

• Highway leading sensory impulses to the brain and
  motor impulses away from brain.

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Spinal Cord

• Gray is not myelinated, mostly cell bodies
• White myelinated, most of PNS

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Spinal Cord

• Length Roughly 18 inches long.
• STOPS at about L1 or L2 (Page 231)

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Spinal Cord

• Cauda Equina (Horses tail) Nerves leaving end of
  spinal cord.

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Spinal Cord

• Spinal Puncture Spinal tap between L3, L4.
  Puncture spine to withdraw fluid and analyze.

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