CH. 5 RENAISSANCE

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CH. 5 RENAISSANCE REFORMATION

• Section 4 OBJ. Discuss the different forms of
  Protestantism and reforms in the Catholic Church.

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I. John Calvin Calvinism

• Christian unity was lost due to the signing of
  the Peace of Augsburg. Huldrych Zwingli, a
  priest in Zurich, Switzerland, started a new
  Christian group. He forbade relics and pagan
  images within the city. A new service that
  consisted of scripture
• reading, prayer,
• and sermons
• replaced Mass.
• (1484 1531)

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1. The Protestants in both Germany Switzerland
   sought an alliance for protection from the
   Catholic Church. However, disagreements about
   the Lords Supper kept it from happening. In
   1531 Zwingli was killed during a battle between
   the Catholics and Protestants in Switzerland.
   John Calvin assumed the leadership of the
   Protestant Church in Switzerland.
2. John Calvin, originally from France, fled to
   Switzerland after converting to the Protestant
   faith. He believed in predestination placed an
   emphasis on the power, grace, and glory of God.

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1. In 1536 he began to reform the city of Geneva,
   Switzerland. He created a church governing body
   called the Consistory which enforced moral
   discipline. People could be punished for
   crimes such as gambling or dancing.
2. Calvins success in Geneva made it the center of
   the Protestant world. Missionaries who trained
   in Geneva were sent throughout the world. By the
   mid 1500s Calvinism was the largest Protestant
   denomination.

(1509 1564)
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II. REFORMATION IN ENGLAND

1. Politics, not religion, was the reason for the
   Protestant Reformation in England. King Henry
   VIII wanted to divorce his wife b/c he believed
   she was the reason for them not having a son.
   The Pope would not annul his marriage so Henry
   VIII turned to the courts. The archbishop of
   Canterbury granted the divorce. Henry would
   marry six times.
2. In 1534 the English Parliament established the
   Act of Supremacy. This act separated Englands
   Catholic Church from the Popes authority. It
   stated that the king was the supreme head of the
   new Church of England. The king controlled
   religious doctrine, clerical appointments. And
   discipline.

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• Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries and sold the
  land and possessions to the wealthy. This act
  provided him with more money and supporters.
  Despite the breakaway, Henry remained very close
  to the Catholic teachings. However, as time
  passed they moved in a more Protestant direction.

• (1491 1547)

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The 6 wives of Henry VIII

• Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane
  Seymour
• 1509 1533 1533 1536 1536 - 1537
• Divorced Beheaded Died
• Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Katherine
  Parr
• Jan. July 1540 1540 1542 1543 1547
• Divorced Beheaded Survived

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• In 1553 Henrys daughter Mary ascended to the
  throne. She was a devout Catholic and wanted to
  return England to Catholicism. She persecuted
  the Protestants and had nearly 500 burned at the
  stake. Many people resented her, and by the end
  of her reign England was more protestant than
  before. She was given the name BLOODY MARY.

• (1516 1558)
• Daughter of
• Catherine of Aragon

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QUEEN ELIZABETH I

• Elizabeth, the daughter of Anne Boleyn, became
  queen of England after Bloody Mary died.
• During her reign
• William Shakespeare,
• Sir Francis Drake,
• Sir Walter Raleigh
• prospered. She was
• a Protestant and had
• the overwhelming
• support of the
• people.

• (1533 1603)

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Q. A.

• What is Predestination?
• Why does John Calvin Believe in this idea?
• Why did Henry VIII marry so many times?
• Why did John Calvin flee to Switzerland?
• Who was William Shakespeare?
• Who was Sir Francis Drake?

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III. The ANABAPTISTS

• During the 16th century a radical new Protestant
  group developed. The Anabaptists rejected most
  of the Catholic some of the early Protestant
  teachings. Because of their teachings and
  practices both Catholics and Protestants
  persecuted them.
• The Anabaptists practiced adult baptism instead
  of baptizing infants. To them the true Christian
  Church was a voluntary community of believers who
  experienced spiritual rebirth. No other
  denomination preached this belief.

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• Anabaptist originated in the following European
  countries
• Switzerland
• Germany
• Austria
• Netherlands

• Descending Protestant denominations include
• Amish
• Quakers
• Mennonites

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Other Anabaptists Beliefs

• Believed all Christians were equal.
• Any community member could be a minister b/c all
  Christians were considered priests. However
  women were often excluded.
• The complete separation of church state. They
  would not hold office did not believe the gov.
  had any authority over Christians.
• Did not bear arms possess or carry weapons
• Did not believe Mary gave birth to Jesus.
• Believed once you were baptized you were not
  capable of committing a sin.

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Womens role during the Protestant Reformation

• During the reformation Protestants developed a
  new view of the family. Protestants did not
  believe in celibacy and placed the family at the
  center of their lives.
• They did however continue the traditional
  subservience and obedience of the wife. They
  felt the womans role was to bear children and
  maintain the house. Protestantism did not change
  womens subordinate place in society.

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IV. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

1. During the mid 16th century the Catholic Church
   became concerned over the spread of
   Protestantism. Pope Paul III the Church took
   strides in reforming the Church from within. 3
   major changes included the Jesuits, Council of
   Trent, and reforms in the papacy.

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• The Jesuits, AKA Society of Jesus, was founded
  by Ignatius of Loyola a Spanish nobleman in
  1540. their goal was to convert people back to
  Catholicism. They opened schools with well
  trained and educated members working within them.
  They were successful in restoring Catholicism to
  parts of Germany and Eastern Europe. They also
  spread it to other parts of the world (Asia,
  Africa, S. America).

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• Ignatius of Loyola
• (1491 1556)

1. Pope Paul III appointed a reform commission in
   1537 b/c he felt the papacy needed to be
   reformed. The commission determined the Church
   ills and proposed ideas to fix the problems
2. In 1545 a group of cardinals, archbishops, abbots
   and theologians met in Trent for 18 years. This
   group was known as the Council of Trent. The
   council reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings
   and opposed Protestant beliefs.

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Decisions made by the Council of Trent

• Both faith good works are needed in order to
  achieve salvation.
• The seven sacraments, view of communion
  (Eucharist), and clerical celibacy were upheld.
• Belief of purgatory was strengthened
• Maintained the use of indulgences but forbid the
  selling of them.
• Because of the council the Roman Catholic Church
  had a renewed spirit of confidence.

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Q. A.

• What does Protestant mean?
• Why did the Catholic Church start a reformation
  of their own?
• What is a reformation?
• Why did very little change for women during the
  Protestant Reformation?
• Why were the Anabaptists viewed as radical and
  persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants?
  Where did they run to?

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HOMEWORK ACTIVITY

• Finish any Questions not completed from the Q.
  A.
• Create a chart compare and contrast
  Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, and the
  Church of England. Tell which one most closely
  resembles the Catholic faith and why. Which one
  least resembles the Catholic faith and why.