Chapter 7 Cell to Cell Interactions

1
Chapter 7 Cell to Cell Interactions
2
When a signal molecule arrives at a G
protein-linked receptor, the G proteinbinds
with a Ca2binds with calmodulinbecomes
activatedbinds to the signal molecule becomes
deactivated
3
In desmosomes adherin links to _____ of an
adjacent cell. cadherins integrinsconnexonsra
s proteinsplasmodesmata
4
Which pair are examples of second
messengers?sodium and potassium ionsamino
acids and proteinssteroids and lipidssugars and
starches cAMP and calcium ions
5
The antigen response to many antibodies is called
Polyclonal_____________
6
Chemically gated ion Channels_______ open or
close when signal molecules bind to the channel,
allowing specific ions to diffuse through the
channel.
7
. The signaling molecules that travel the
farthest are endocrine synapticparacrineneuro
transmitterintracellular
8
Long lived molecules affect cells very distant
from the releasing cell hormonesparacrine
signalssynaptic signalsdirect contact
signalsendocrine signals
9
Some enzymic receptors and most G protein linked
receptors carry the signal molecules message
into the target cell by utilizing other
substances within the cytoplasm commonly
calledgenesantibodiesenzymesfirst
messengers second messengers
10
Hybridoma__________ is the name given to a cell
formed by the fusion of a plasma cell and a
myeloma.
11
Cyclic AMP and calcium ions often behave as
second Messengers____________, intracellular
substances that ultimately communicate messages
from receptors to target proteins.
12
Plasmodesmata encircle cells of a tight
junction like a beltconnect to intermediate
fibers of the cytoskeletonconnect the cytoplasm
of one plant cell to that of anotherconnect
actin fibers of one cell to the extracellular
matrix of another
13
Molecules on the cells plasma membrane
important in early development lipids, direct
contact signals carbohydratesparacrine
signalssynaptic signalsendocrine signals
14
The class of cell surface receptors that act
indirectly on plasma membrane bound enzymes or
ion channels are calledGated channelsEnzymic
receptors G proteins Second messengersAntibodie
s
15
Intercellular communication over long distance by
means of hormones is Endocrine______ signaling.
16
Tight and anchoring Junctions_______ cause cells
to adhere tightly to each other.
17
One protein kinase cascade begins with the
phosphorylation of the tap proteingat
proteinsap protein ras protein sat protein
18
The molecules released by neurons released very
close to the target cellsusing
neurotransmittersendocrine signalsparacrine
signalsdirect contact signals synaptic signals
19
The molecules that convert extracellular signals
into intracellular ones are neurotransmitterspe
ptide hormonescell surface receptorsgrowth
factor proteins genes
20
A pore that opens or closes when a particular ion
or molecule binds to its protein are said to be
Chemically Gated__.
21
Intracellular___________ receptors are those that
can diffuse through the cell membrane and trigger
a response inside the cell.
22
Cells used for producing monoclonal antibodies
such as interferon are carcinomasmyelomasarcoma
slymphomashybridomas
23
Short lived molecules causing local effects
destroyed by extracellular enzymes important in
early development and coordination of activities
of neighboring cluster of cellssynaptic
signalsdirect contact signalsparacrine
signalsendocrine signals
24
Signal molecules activate intracellular receptors
in chromosomesvesiclesskin cells target
cells surface cells
25
All Monoclonal Antibodies______ obtained from a
cluster of immune cells descended from the same
cell bind to the same type of molecule.
26
Amplification____________ speeds up intracellular
messages and produces a larger response.
27
Cell signals with short-lived local effects are
called _______ signals.holocrinemicrocrineapoc
rineparacrinenone of the above
28
In plants, cell-cell junctions can only occur at
gaps in the cell walls through cytoplasmic
connections that form across the plasma membranes
of the touching cells.desmosomestight
junctionsplasmadesmatacellulose matrixadhering
junctions
29
Signals with short-lived local effects are
calledlight signalssynaptic signalsendocrine
signalsdirect contactparacrine signals
30
Communication__________ among cells is a hallmark
of multicelluar organisms, an ability the
prokaryotes lack.
31
In anchoring junctions, cadherins are linked to
The basement membraneThe cell membrane The
cytoskeleton of two cells The nucleusThe
endoplasmic reticulum
32
Small molecules or ions can pass from one cell to
another throughtight junctions communicating
junctions diffusion spheresdesmosomesadherins
junctions
33
Communication between cells can occur by all of
the following basic mechanisms exceptdirect
contactparacrine signalingendocrine
signalingsynaptic signalingsignaling to digest
plasma membrane
34
Located on or within the cell are
Receptor_____________ proteins, each of which has
a 3-d shape complementary to that of a specific
signal molecule.
35
Which is a common second messenger?cGTPcMHC
cAMP cATPcRNA
36
In the digestive tract adjacent cells develop
connections calleddesmosomesgap junctionsion
gates tight junctions communicating junctions
37
An antibody is an immune system molecule that is
made by the host as one of a multitude of
responses to an outside signal molecule. It is
called a lipidcarbohydrateglycolipid protein
38
Cells in a multicellular organism communicate
with each other by means of Signal__________
molecules that bind to receptor proteins.
39
______ junctions may protect a damaged cell
through chemical gating.TightGapAdherinsOcclud
ingMacular
40
Most cells are in physical contact with other
cells at all times by forming permanent
connections calledgated ion channelsenzymic
receptors cell junctions G protein linked
receptorsCell surface markers
41
Cell-cell communication does not allow which of
the following actions?Determine an individual
cells position in the bodyAdjust the metabolism
of an individual cell.Allow the individual cell
to growAllow the cell to live foreverAllow the
cell to divide at the proper time
42
Endocrine signaling involves the use of
Hormones______________.
43
(No Transcript)