Information and Communication Technologies

1
Chapter 4

• Information and Communication Technologies
• (ICTs)

2
Chapter Objectives

1. What does ICT means?
2. How ICT enhance business operation?
3. Identify ICT Revolution

3
Introduction

• Information and communication technologies (ICTs)
  enhance the ability of organizations to
• manage the resources,
• increase their productivity,
• communicate their policies and market their
  offerings, and
• develop partnerships with all their stakeholders

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• ICTs also enable organizations to expand
  geographically and coordinate their activities
  regionally, nationally and globally.
• The more powerful and complex ICTs become, the
  more affordable and user-friendly they become,
  enabling more people and organizations to take
  advantage.

5
Defining ICTs, information system, information
management and their relationship

• ICTs include hardware, software, groupware,
  netware and intellectual capacity (humanware).
• ICT come from
• Information technology
• Communication Technology

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• Information Technology (IT) was defined by
  Pappard (2003) as
• the enabling mechanism that facilitates the
  processing and flow of information in an
  organization and between organizations,
  encompassing the information the business
  creates, uses and stores, as well as the
  technologies used in physical processing to
  produce a product or provide a service.

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• ICTs have been considered as the entire range of
  electronic tools and facilitate the operational
  and strategic management of organizations by
  enabling them
• to manage information, functions and processes as
  well as
• to communicate interactively with their
  stakeholders
• To achieve their mission and objectives

8
The stages of ICT revolution

• The four main eras of technological evolution
• Data processing
• Management information systems (MIS)
• Strategic information systems (SIS)
• The network era

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• Data processing
• the main objective was to improve operational
  efficiency by automating information-based
  process.
• Management information systems (MIS)
• The principle aim of this era was to increase
  management effectiveness and efficiency by
  satisfying organization information requirement.

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• Strategic information systems (SIS)
• this era aim to improve competiveness by changing
  the nature or conduct of business, to enhance
  performance and to coordinate activities across
  functional and business unit.
• The network era
• This era is gradually alternating the
  competiveness of firms in the global marketplace
  and reducing the location and size.

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• ICTs are used as indispensable tools for almost
  all business functions as they facilitates
• Quick communication
• Reliable and timely information transfer and
  retrieval
• Integration of the different divisions within
  organizations
• Flexibility of services
• Sharing of information and

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Networking and the information superhighway

• The Internet described as the network of all
  networks
• The Internet provides a window to the external
  world and facilitates the interactivity of
  organizations globally.
• The development of the Internet introduced a
  whole range of new tools as well as benefits and
  challenges for organizations.

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• As a result organization are able to
• Accelerate knowledge and information distribution
• Reduce their transportation, and communication
  costs
• Increase their communication and coordination
  efficiency
• Improve and shorten the decision-making process
• Support their interactivity with all stakeholders

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Internet Capabilities and function
E-Mail person to person message and document sending mechanism
World Wide Web Store and publish firms homepages...
Search engine Provide user search data and information all over the world
WAP Wireless Application Protocol for using the internet from mobile phone.
Chatting and Newsgroup Interactive conversation between individual, group...
FTP Download and Upload data, file to WWW
eCommerce Do business transaction world wide
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Technological convergence and new ICT developments

• It is predicted that the majority of households
  in the developed world will own personal
  computers at the same level as televisions and
  refrigerators.
• The introduction of digital and interactive
  television will bring the Internet to the living
  room and will allow technologically challenged
  people to access the information superhighway