SEABEE COMBAT WARFARE

1
SEABEE COMBAT WARFARE

• CHEMICAL WARFARE

2
CBR History

• Imagine if you will its April 22nd 1915, a warm,
  sunny day, youre an Allied soldier stationed
  somewhere in Belgium, theres a slight breeze
  blowing from behind the German lines, across no
  mans land and through your fighting positions.
• You take this as a good omen, because for the
  last 24 hours your positions have been bombarded
  by German artillery, and just as the breeze
  picked up the heavy gun fire stopped.

3
CBR History

• BUT, just a few hundred yards away, four
  divisions of the 23rd and 26th German Army Corps
  were opening the valves on six thousand cylinders
  stationed along their four mile front.
• Seconds later, a five foot high wall of greenish
  yellow vapor begins to roll toward your
  positions.
• Less than a minute after that the cloud reaches
  your front lines - and only seconds later you and
  everyone around you are drowning in your own
  mucous.

4
CBR History

• THAT WAS THE BEGINNING OF MODERN CHEMICAL
  WARFARE.
• That gas was chlorine you see, chlorine
  doesnt just suffocate, it poisons and strips the
  lining of the bronchial tubes and lungs. The
  resulting inflammation produces massive amounts
  of liquid, and the victims literally drown in
  their own bodily fluids.

5
Definition

• CBR Warfare is the study of the deployment,
  detection, monitoring, and recovery of Chemical,
  Biological, or Radiological agents

6
(brief) History

• Pre-WWI Developments
• Ancient hellebore, mandrake in water 1000-200
  b.c
• Recent
• 1700-1850 Chlorine, Mustard (dichloroehtylsulfid
  e), chloropicrin
• Civil War Dougherty Chlorine, 3 qts in shell

7
(No Transcript)
8
National Warfare Capability
9
U.S. Policies

• Chemical Warfare The United States will not use
  chemical agents as a first strike attack.
  However, the President can authorize the use of
  Chemical agents in retaliation to an attack with
  chemical agents.

10
Chemical Warfare

• Definition Chemical warfare is the use of
  chemical agents with the intent to kill, injure,
  or incapacitate personnel, or to restrict or deny
  access to strategic areas or routes
• Produce physiological and psychological effects
• Cause casualties
• Degrade performance
• Disrupt support
• Restrict maneuvers

11
(brief) History

• Definitions
• Kill Soman, VX
• Injure Phosgene
• Incapacitate CS, BZ
• Countermeasures
• Until WWI, US not concerned or interested

12
Chemical Agents

• Six Types of Chemical Agents
• Blister Agents
• Blood Agents
• Choking Agents
• Nerve Agents
• Incapacitating Agents
• Military Compounds
• Agents may be delivered in a liquid (persistent)
  or gaseous (non-persistent) form

Casualty Agents
13
Blister Agents

• Physiological Effects
• Inflammation, blistering, and destruction of
  tissue
• Types
• Mustard (H)
• Arsenicals (Lewisite) (L)
• Urticants
• Protection Required
• JSLIST suit and MCU-2P Mask ( MOPP IV )
• Detection
• M-256A1, M-88 Alarm, M-8 M-9 Paper, ICAM, ICAD
  
• Odor Often smells like very strong garlic or
  geraniums

14
Blister Agents

• Symptoms
• Eyes
• - Watery and bloodshot
• - Swollen eyelids
• - Gritty feeling
• Skin
• - Burns in moist areas
• - Itching and blisters
• Respiratory Tract
• - Irritation of throat
• - Coughing

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
Blood Agents

• Types
• - Hydrogen Cyanide, Arsine, and Cyanogen
  Chloride
• Physiological Effects
• - Prevents the normal transfer of oxygen to the
  body tissue resulting in cell suffocation
• Protection Required
• - MCU-2P mask filters must be changed
  immediately since blood agent Canister Crackers
  will render the canister ineffective in 15
  minutes
• Means of Detection
• - M-256A1 Kit, ICAD

20
Blood Agents

• Mild Symptoms
• - Irritation of eyes, nose and throat
• - Coughing and tightness of chest
• Moderate Symptoms
• - Nausea
• - Headache
• - Convulsions
• Severe Symptoms
• - Violent Convulsions
• - Heart Failure

21
Blood Agents

• Mild Symptoms
• - Irritation of eyes, nose and throat
• - Coughing and tightness of chest
• Moderate Symptoms
• - Nausea
• - Headache
• - Convulsions
• Severe Symptoms
• - Violent Convulsions
• - Heart Failure

22
Choking Agents

• Mild Symptoms
• - Headache
• - Coughing and Tightness of Chest
• Moderate Symptoms
• - Painful Coughing
• - Rapid Shallow Breathing
• Severe Symptoms
• - Shock Like Symptoms
• - Low Blood Pressure
• - Foaming at the Mouth

23
Nerve Agents

• Types
• V / VX, Soman, Sarin and
• Tabum
• Protection
• MOPP IV
• Detection
• M-256A1 Kit, M88 alarm, M-8 M-9 paper, ICAM,
  ICAD

• Physiological Effects
• Attacks the central nervous system by reacting
  with an enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) that
  controls the nervous system, causing an
  overstimulation

24
Nerve Agents

• Mild Symptoms
• - Pinpointing of Pupils ( Useful when in MOPP IV
  )
• - Tightness of Chest
• - Nausea and Drooling
• Moderate Symptoms
• - Fatigue
• - Muscle Twitching
• Severe Symptoms
• - Uncontrollable coughing and Convulsions
• - Severe Difficulty Breathing and Heart Failure

25
Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK)

• Auto Injectors
• - 1 Atropine
• - 1 2PAM Chloride
• Means of Administering
• - Self Aid ( 1st and 2nd Sets)
• - Buddy Aid ( Up to 3 Sets)
• - Maximum of three sets can be given prior to
  Medical Supervision
• Diazepam Injections
• - Suppress Convulsions, Normally given only by
  Medical

26
Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK)

• Administer by removing the safety cap (the light
  end) and pushing the injector end (the dark end)
  into the meaty part of the hip or thigh. Hold in
  place for 10 seconds.
• When finished, bend the injector needle and
  place in the front of the JSLIST top.

27
Incapacitating Agents

• Types
• - Depressants Sedate and destroy motivation
• - Stimulants Flood the Brain with too much
  information
• Physiological Effects
• - Alters and disrupts the Central Nervous System
  Temporarily.
• Protection Required
• - Protective Mask
• Means of Detection
• - None!

28
Military Compounds

• Types
• - Vomiting ( Adamsite )
• - Tear Producing ( CS and CN Gas )
• Physiological Effects
• - Temporary Irritating Effects
• Protection Required
• - Protective Mask
• Means of Detection
• - None

29
Delivery

• Bursting type
• - Ground Burst
• - Air Burst
• Spray
• Thermal
• Dispersers

30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
JSLIST Suit
Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit
Technology - Also called the Advanced Chemical
Protective Over garment (ACPG) - Good for 24
hours in a contaminated environment - 45 day life
after opening the package - Can be laundered up
to 6 times if not contaminated - Water resistant,
but not waterproof - Old style gloves and boots
still used with the JSLIST, will provide 24 hours
of protection in a contaminated environment
33
Donning Procedures
Mission Oriented Protective Posture

• Five Levels
• MOPP 0
• MOPP I
• MOPP II
• MOPP III
• MOPP IV

34
Donning Procedures
MOPP Level 0 - Mask and suit are carried MOPP
Level I - Don JSLIST top - Don JSLIST
trousers MOPP Level II - Don overboots (MULOs)
35
Donning Procedures
MOPP Level III - Don MCU-2P mask MOPP Level
IV - Don cotton glove liners and rubber gloves
36
Why is CBR Important?

• The threat is real. Many nations have the
  capability of deploying nuclear, biological and
  chemical weapons. Korea is known to have
  chemical weapons capabilities and is reported to
  be experimenting with nuclear weapons.
• So its important that you understand the threat
  and means to protect yourself or your buddy.

37
Chemical Weapons

• QUESTIONS?