POPULATION

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POPULATION LIVING STANDARDS
CH. 11 12
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CH. 11POPULATION TRENDSAND GROWTH
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POPULATION
76 MILLION PEOPLE ARE ADDED PER YEAR
HOW MUCH IS A BILLION?
THE POPULATION CLOCK
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POPULATION CONTROL
Proud Family??
INDIA
CHINA
Mao Every stomach 2 arms
1952 Family Planning - Rhythm Method /
Abstinence 1962 Awareness Songs / Radio 1970
Sterilization Programs Targets - Vasectomies
gt need for sons!! 1975 Coercion Reward
Tactics - gt 3 X Schooling / Firings /
Demotions 1977 New govt Ends Coercion - Ed.
/ Vol. Birth Control 1983 Programs Not
Working!! 2000 Female Sterilization 2010 BR
down but still too high!
1949 BR encouraged power 1970 Promoted
Two-Child 1979 One Child Policy - Cash / Ed.
/ Medical / Housing gt 1 No Ed./Fines
/Med. PROBLEMS - Rural areas workers -
Pressure abortions - Pressure sterilizations -
Infanticide ( Boys 1) - Too many men - Lower
pop. no tax gtrelaxed policies
Why Sons??
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DEMOGRAPHY
THE STUDY OF POPULATION TRENDS AND ISSUES
THE CENSUS CANADA By law all
Canadians to complete. Why??? - Major 10 yrs
(yrs.ending in 1) - Minor 5 yrs (ending in
6) DECIPHERING DATA - Developed vs
Developing Countries - Calcutta vs Vancouver
CALCULATING POPULATION CHANGE - Four basic
components - birth rate, death rate,
immigration rate, emmigration rate - Natural
Increase Birth Rate Death Rate - used
to compare dev. vs developing countries -
Exponential Growth - Doubling Time 70
of Natural Increase - Net Migration
Immig. Emmig. - Population Growth Rate
Natural Increase Net migration
Calcutta
Vancouver
Country POP. BR / 1000 DR / 1000 NI / 1000
INDIA 1.2 BILLION 23.0 8.5 14.5
RUSSIA 140 MILLION 10.8 15.1 -4.3
CANADA 34 MILLION 10.6 7.4 3.2
GABON 1.5 MILLION 27.5 9.8 17.7
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DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
CANADA
INDIA/ CHINA
NOTE China adopted a one child / reward
policy / India sterilization penalty programs.
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POPULATION PROFILES
EARLY EXPANDING
EXPANDING
STABLE
CONTRACTING
POPULATION PYRAMIDS (FOUR STAGES)
AGE COHORTS
WHY IMMIGRATION ???
DEPENDENCY RATIO
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WORLD POPULATION
DISTRIBUTION
CORNUCOPIANS
NEOMALTHUSIANS
THE FUTURE ??
ECUMENE The populated area of the world.
PHYSICAL FACTORS Climate Landscape Resouces Soils
Vegetation Water Accessibility
HUMAN FACTORS Government Policy Disease Developme
nt Culture Communication
WORLD POPULATION DENSITY
POPULATION AREA /SQ. KM
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POPULATION TIDBITS
-On the average, 12 newborns will be given to the
wrong parents daily. -Michael Jordan makes more
money from Nike annually than the entire Nike
factory workers in Malaysia combined. -The three
most valuable brand names on earth Marlboro,
Coca-Cola, and Budweiser, in that order. -The
three wealthiest families in the world have more
assets than the Combined wealth of the
forty-eight poorest nations. -The world's
youngest parents were 8 and 9 and lived in China
in 1910. -If the population of China walked past
you in single line, the line would never end
because of the rate of reproduction -China has
more English speakers than the United States -An
average person uses the bathroom 6 times per
day.
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CH 12LIVING STANDARDSIN A CHANGING WORLD
THE HAVES
THE HAVE-NOTS
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MEASURING DEVELOPMENT
CLOSING THE GAP GOALS
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) The HDI
measures standard of living. The three HDI
indicators. 1. Life expectancy 2. Literacy
Rate 3. GDP per capita
HUNGER EDUCATION EQUALITY CHILD
MORTALITY MATERNAL HEALTH HIV/AIDS ENVIRONMENT DEV
ELOPMENT
RANK COUNTRY LIFE EX. LITERACY GDP (US)
1 NORWAY 80.5 99 53, 433
4 CANADA 80.6 99 35, 812
181 NIGER 50.8 29 627
INFRASTRUCTURE

• CATAGORIZING NATIONS
• Developed (Canada)
• Newly Industrializing Countries (Brazil)
• Developing (Niger)

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GDP Per Capita

• The higher the GDP per capita - the higher the
  life expectancy - Canada GDP 1.3 Trillion
• The more education the female population has the
  lower the birth rate

USA GDP 14.1 Trillion
Education
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MEASURING LIVING STANDARDS
URBAN LIVING
GLOBALIZATION (PROS/CONS)
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS (Control resources,
indusrty gt debt)
QUALITY OF LIFE (HEALTH, LITERACY, EQUALITY,
SHANTYS, FREEDOMS,)
BARTER VS. CURRENCY
THE POVERTY TRAP INTERNATIONAL MONETARY
FUND WORLD BANK MEGAPROJECTS (World Price
drops???) BURDEN OF DEBT HEAVILY INDEBTED POOR
COUNTRIES (HIPC) Loan
forgiveness CAN. to
Environment
POVERTY LINE Basic Needs Can. Poverty 70
income on daily needs Deving 1.25 / day
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THE VULNERABLE ONES

• CHILDREN
• - Famine, disease, war, sanitation
• No ed.
• U5MR (13 x more likely to die)
• Ethnic cleansing, land mines, soldiers
• Child labour, begging, stealing.
• Working Conditions
• Bonded Labour Family Debts

• THE POSITION OF WOMEN
• -Male domination legal rights
• Honour Killings
• Family obligations men search for work.
• Low literacy Men only ed.
• Ed. Is the Solution Low BR IMR
• Polygamy

• THE HEALTH CRISIS
• LACK OF CLEAN WATER
• WHO 1.2 Billion no water.
• Clean water sanitation cure 10 of disease
• EPEDEMICS
• Malaria on the rise (1 Million/yr.)
• HIV/AIDS (33 Million world wide 2 Million
  died per Year) (See next slide)

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WORLD AIDS
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HELPING TO IMPROVELIVING STANDARDS

• FOREIGN AID
• OFFICIAL DEVT ASSISTANCE (ODA)
• - Aid by Govts
• NON-GOVT ORGANIZATIONS
• - Churches, Rotary, Oxfam, Red Cross
• MULTILATERAL AID
• Aid from a of Govts.
• Usually big projects (Damns)
• BILATERAL AID
• From one country to another
• Often strings attached
• Tied Aid (Buy Canadian)

CAN. FOREIGN AID CIDA Goals water,
infrastructure, womens poverty, rights,
jobs, environment. - Partnerships
Criticisms - 80 of funds on 20
priority countries (Africa???)
CANADAS 20 PRIORITY COUNTRIES
FACTS TO PONDER World military 1.5 Trillion /
All Devt Goals 143 Billion. - UN target
.7 of GNP / Canada .32 GNP - Dictators have
leached Aid from the poor NGOs working to end
abuse. - small local projects have helped
leaching water pumps to rural areas
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LINKING AID TO HUMAN RIGHTS
Many of those in need often live under regimes
that abuse human rights.

• THE CASE FOR DENYING AID
• Govts must change ways first.
• deny aid when human rights are violated
• will aid get to those in need? Army??
• Human rights are key in Canada, must
• Also be key to aid

• THE CASE FOR GIVING AID
• Different cultures different rights
• Who are we to judge?
• Womens rights vary from
• culture to culture.
• Good causes should not be confused
• with rights.
• Poverty breeding ground for violations.

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The Allocation Problem1. Who does
each represent?2. Is there enough food for
both?3. What happens to the food
production in Africa? (Cash Crops)4. How
would you break the hunger cycle?
MATH PROBLEM If the world produces
12,500KJ/ person of food daily and
10,000KJ/ person is needed, is there a food
shortage? Yes/ No
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WORLD AIR TRAFFICThe Haves The Have Nots