Theoretical Basis of the Quality Movement

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Theoretical Basis of the Quality Movement

• Adapted from Ch. 1 and 2 from Statistical Quality
  Design and Control Authors Devor, Chang and
  Sutherland
• Presented by Dr. Joan Burtner, Certified Quality
  Engineer
• Associate Professor of
• Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management
• Mercer University

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Brief Quality Time Line (before 1950)

• Late 1800s
• Taylorism
• Scientific Management
• 1920s
• Shewhart
• Statistical approach to process variation
• Control charts
• 1930s
• Dodge and Romig
• AQL
• Acceptance Sampling

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Brief Quality Time Line (1950 2000)

• 1950s
• Deming
• Top Management Responsibility
• Statistically-based approach to quality
• 1970s
• Total Quality Management
• 1980s
• Deming, Juran, Ishikawa and Taguchi are
  influential
• US industrial leaders begin to embrace quality
• Push quality upstream into engineering design
• Six Sigma
• Seven basic quality tools
• 1990s
• Institutionalization of quality throughout the
  enterprise
• Global marketplace international standards
  (ISO)
• Lean Manufacturing

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 1. Create constancy of purpose for the
  improvement of production or service
• ? Improve the product or service. Plan for the
  future
• ? Make a long-term commitment to quality
• ? Strategies required to make profits in this
  quarter only are different from those needed to
  keep the company in business for the next 20 or
  30 years

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 2. Adopt the new philosophy
• ? New Philosophy We cannot accept the levels of
  errors that could be tolerated in the past.
• ? Only management is in the position to do
  something about the vast majority of errors.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 3. Cease dependence on mass inspection for
  quality control.
• ? Instead, require statistical evidence that
  quality is built in. You cant improve quality
  through inspection.
• ? 100 inspection is like planning for defects.
• ? In some cases, final inspection may still be
  required.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 4. End the practice of awarding business on the
  basis of price tag alone.
• ? Improve the quality of incoming material.
  ? Cultivate long term relationships with
  suppliers.
• ? Reduce the number of suppliers.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 5. Improve constantly forever the system of
  production service.
• ? Continual reduction of waste
• ? Continual improvement of quality (adaptation
  of Deming cycle)
• ? Work on the process instead of the product.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 6. Institute more through, better job-related
  training (modern methods of training).
• ? Company supported (money and time)
• ? Training management about the company,
  training about the customers needs, proper
  training for job.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 7. Adopt and institute leadership.
• ? Supervisors job should be to coach workers,
  assist them in solving problems, not meeting
  quotas.
• ? Management must take immediate action on
  problems of defective parts, lack of maintenance
  on machines, etc.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 8. Drive Out Fear
• ? Eliminate fear in the workplace
• ? Fear will disappear as management improves and
  as employees develop confidence in management.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 9. Break down barriers between staff areas.
• ? Eliminate the Over the wall mentality.
• ? Coordinated effort, teamwork, teams of people
  in design, engineering, production, sales.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets
  for the workforce.
• ? Need road map to improvement, better materials
  equipment .
• ? The only goals that make sense are internal
  goals (personal motivation).

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 11. Eliminate numerical quotas.
• ? Deming gives no grades.
• ? Eliminate work standards
• a) Impossible for some, too easy for others, no
  clues for how to improve
• b) Replace with leadership.
• ? The only permissible number is a plain
  statement of fact for survival.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 12. Remove barriers to pride in workmanship.
• ? Involve employees at all levels in the
  improvement process.
• ? Supply workers with the proper tools, methods,
  materials.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 13. Institute a vigorous program of education and
  self-improvement for everyone.
• ? Educated people learn new things more easily,
  are more easily trained for new job.
• ? People, like the process, should be
  continuously improving.

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Demings Fourteen Points

• 14. Take action to accomplish the transformation.
• Create a management structure that supports
  these principles.
• Top-down approach
• Concurrent education and application
• Willingness to change the system
• Common mission and goals

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Contact Information

• Email Burtner_J_at_Mercer.edu
• US Mail
• Mercer University School of Engineering
• 1400 Coleman Avenue
• Macon, GA
• Phone [phone]