States of Matter

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States of Matter

• By Mr. Lin

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What is Matter?
This is an atom for the element Beryllium

• Matter is made from anything that has mass.
• The basic building block of mass are atoms.
• Atoms can also join together to make molecules.

Image courtesy of http//www.ktf-split.hr/glossary
/image/atom.gif
This is a water molecule, which joins two
Hydrogen atoms (green) With one Oxygen atom
(blue).
Image Courtesy of http//ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/sci
ence/ps/sci/ibbio/chem/notes/chpt2/water.gif
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We Cant See Atoms . . . But since atoms combine
to build larger items, we can still observe matter

• But how?

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Observing Matter
Homemade Pizza. Matter includes bread,
cheese, broccoli, tomato sauce, aluminum,
ceramic, and plastic.
Swamp at First Landing State Park. Matter
includes, water, leaves, tree trunks, and mud.
Wind blowing Jeans hair. Matter includes Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, as well as the
molecules that make up grass, flesh, cotton,
hair, and much more.

• If any part of your five senses can sense it,
  then there is evidence of matter!

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There are Three States of Matter

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

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Properties of Solids
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Properties of Solids

• Solids have a definite size and shape.
• Solids do not change shapes on their own.
• The molecules that make it up are stuck in place
• Solids can be broken, melted, or bent.

Our wedding cake was able to stand on its own
and keep its shape because it was solid. Mrs.
Lin and I had to use a knife to cut it up.
Technically, even when we eat things, the
chemicals in our saliva chemically break down the
food molecules.
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Solids Molecules

• The molecules of a solid are packed together nice
  and tightly.
• On the right, we have an example of salt (NaCl)
  molecules packed tightly into a solid

Image Courtesy of http//www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/
lcdlab/biopic/fig/2.11a.jpg
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Properties of Liquids
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Properties of Liquids

• Liquids have a definite size (or volume).
• However, liquids do not have a definite shape.
  In fact, it molds to the shape of its container.
• Liquids can still hold itself together, not
  allowing it to spread forever. Surface tension
  has a lot to do with it.

The liquids represented here are the Orange Juice
and water (of course the ice is solid). As you
can see, the liquids have molded Themselves to
the shape of their containers.
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Liquids Molecules

• Liquid molecules are looser than solid molecules.
• In fact, liquid molecules can actually move
  about. However they are still attracted to each
  other, thus preventing them from spilling and
  spreading forever and ever.
• This is why droplets of water can hold itself in

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Water Droplet

• The water droplets are, indeed, liquid. When it
  is on its own without a container, it does not
  continue to spread. In fact liquids are capable
  of holding themselves in, thanks to surface
  tension.

Image Courtesy of http//misheli.image.pbase.com/g
4/83/421983/2/60122163.cdav8498_js.jpg
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Properties of Gases
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Properties of Gases

• Gases have no shape, size, or color.
• On the right is a picture I took on my return
  from Taiwan. The photograph shows a solid
  airplane wing. The blue is simply made from the
  sun and reflections from the ocean and clouds
  below. The gas in the air, however, is invisible.

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Gases Molecules

• While this looks similar to liquid molecules, gas
  molecules are much farther apart. The molecules
  are excited and full of energy. As a result,
  the molecules move fast and randomly.

Image Courtesy of http//molo.concord.org/database
-images/gas_box.jpg
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Identify the 3 States of Water
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Photo From Breckinridge, CO