FDR

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FDRs New Deal
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New Deals

• Second New Deal (Spring 1935)
• Expanded laws that extended government oversight
  of banks
• Increased taxes on the wealthy
• Funded new relief programs

• First New Deal
• 3 Rs
• Relief
• Recovery
• Reform
• First New Deal was successful
• Except for Supreme Court problems with the AAA
  NIRA

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Emergency Relief

• Emergency Relief Act
• Did away with direct payments to Americans
• Shift from First New Deal
• Work Relief

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Works Progress Administration

• WPA (1935)
• Largest peacetime jobs program in history
• A total of 8.5 million workers worked on projects
  costing 11 billion
• Roads, schools, museums, writers, composers,
  actors
• At its peak, it employed 3.4 million (1/4 of
  unemployed)
• Lifted peoples spirits because no government
  handout

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Social Security

• Townsend original idea of pension for elderly
• Social Security Act (1935)
• Pension of regular payments to people 65
• Included government insurance for unemployed
• Problem today??

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Organized Labor

• NIRA guaranteed workers rights to form unions
  bargain collectively
• Weakened by Schechter executive branch cant
  make laws violates separation of power
• Wagner Act (NLRA) stronger than NIRA
• Outlawed anti-labor practices
• Established the National Labor Relations Board
• Increased union membership

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CIO

• Congress of Industrial Organization
• New union dedicated to industrial workers
• Leader John Lewis broke away from AFL to form CIO
• Successful in GM strike
• Sit-down strike vs. traditional strike

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Election of 1936

• FDR essentially ignored Republican candidate Alf
  Landon because New Deal was so successful
• FDR won a tremendous victory
• African Americans voted Democratic
• Significance?

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Court-packing

• Frustrated that the Supreme Court struck down
  some New Deal plans, FDR introduced a plan to
  change the Supreme Court
• Plan gave president power to appoint new judges
  expand it with 6 new justices
• People saw this as an attempt to pack the court
  
• Dangerous balance of power
• This goes against which Enlightened philosopher?

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Results of the New Deal

• Economy
• Steady growth from 1933 1937
• New Deal programs were successful
• Slight problem in 1937 but recovered by 1938
  because FDR used John Maynard Keynes theory that
  deficit spending could provide jobs stimulate
  the economy

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Minorities the New Deal

• Women
• Frances Perkins first female cabinet member
• African Americans
• Increased role in federal government
• A. Philip Randolph organized the 1st all-black
  trade union
• Helped get FDR elected

• Mexican-Americans
• Supported New Deal although received fewer
  benefits than African Americans
• Settled mainly in the Southwest
• Native Americans
• Moved away from assimilation/ Americanization
  toward autonomy

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Popular Culture in the 1930s

• Movies
• Way to escape problems
• Disneys Snow White the 7 Dwarfs first
  full-length animated feature
• Gone With the Wind
• Wizard of Oz first color film
• Symbolic of which political party? That helped
  which group of people?

• Radio
• Extremely popular
• Jazz Swing
• War of the Worlds
• Sports
• Babe Ruth, Joe DiMaggio, Lou Gehrig
• Boxing was big