Classifying Ornamental Plants

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• Classifying Ornamental Plants

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Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed

• CCSS.ELA Literacy. RS T.11-12.4Determine the
  meaning of symbols, key terms, and other
  domain-specific words and phrases as they are
  used in a specific scientific or technical
  context relevant to grades1112 texts and topics.
• CCSS.ELA Literacy. RS T.11-12.5 Analyze how the
  text structures information or ideas into
  categories or hierarchies, demonstrating
  understanding of the information or ideas.

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Bell Work / Student Learning Objectives

• 1. Describe the system used for naming and
  classifying plants.
• 2. Identify the major groups of plants.
• 3. Describe the differences between annuals,
  biennials and perennials.

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Terms to Know

• Evergreen
• Ferns
• Genus
• Gymnosperms
• Herbaceous
• Monocots
• Perennials
• Species
• Woody

• Angiosperm
• Annuals
• Biennials
• Binomial nomenclature
• Bryophytes
• Conifer
• Cotyledons
• Deciduous
• Dicots

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Interest Approach

• Suppose you were walking through the woods and
  stumbled upon an unusual plant. What would you
  call it? Would you know how to classify it?
  Could you identify its characteristics? These
  are questions many taxonomists ponder when
  labeling a new plant.

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Interest Approach Cont.

• Take a couple of minutes and list as many plants
  as you possibly can. Lets classify them as
  deciduous (loose their leaves) or coniferous
  (remain as evergreens).
• Now list as many animals as you can. Can you
  classify them as birds, reptiles, amphibians,
  insects, fish, or mammals?
• Why do you know more about animals?

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How Are Plants Named and Classified?

• Plants are classified by their similarities
  within their characteristics.
• Taxonomists compare flower patterns, stem and
  leaf structures, life cycles, genetic
  similarities and many other characteristics.
• They are then grouped in specific categories, or
  taxas

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Categories/Taxas
Example
Kingdom Plantae Phylum (Division) Magnoli
ophyta Class Liliopsida
Order Cyperales Family Poaceae
Genus Triticum Species aestivum
Sample classification of bread wheat
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• Botanists call plants by their last two taxas
  genus and species
• This system is known as binomial nomenclature
  (two-word naming system)
• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
• Uses Latin for three reasons
• Universal (known by all scientists)
• Very descriptive
• Unchanged (contains no slang words)
• Genus is capitalized Species lower case
• Ex. Triticum aestivum

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What Are Some Ways That We Can Put Plants Into
Groups?

• Plants live in a variety of climates and niches
• The adaptations that plants have made to survive
  in different climates allows for them to be
  classified into one of four major groups
• Bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms

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Bryophytes
Liverwort

• Belong to the phylum Bryophyta
• Non-vascular plants
• No conducting tissues
• Live in damp places
• Limited in size due to lack of conducting tissue
• Ex. Mosses and liverworts

Moss
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Ferns
Ferns in the forest

• Vascular plants
• Reproduce by spores
• Have no true leaves 0nly fronds
• Fronds produce food and spores
• New fronds called fiddleheads

Fiddleheads
Spores on underside of frond
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Gymnosperms

• Reproduce with seeds found in cones
• Also known as a conifer
• Leaves reduced to scales or needles
• Most are evergreen hold on to their green color
  year round
• Ex. Pines, spruce, cedar
• Some can be deciduous- lose their leaves
• Ex. Ginkgo, larch

Coniferous evergreen Pinus contorta
Deciduous conifer Ginkgo biloba
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Angiosperms

• Plants that reproduce by flowers
• There are two types monocotyledons (monocots)
  dicotyledons (dicots)
• A cotyledon is a food storage structure in the
  seed.
• Monocots have a single cotyledon
• Ex. Grasses, corn and lilies
• Dicots have two cotyledons
• Ex. Roses, petunias and geraniums, beans

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Angiosperms - Monocot

• Have flower parts (sepals, petals, stamens,
  pistils) in multiples of three
• 3, 6, 9
• Parallel venation within the leaves
• Stems with scattered vascular bundles
• Narrow leaves
• Fibrous root system

Orchid Paphiopedilum curtisii
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Angiosperms - Dicot

• Flower parts are in multiples of 4s or 5s
• 4,12,16 or 5, 10, 15
• Netted veins
• Vascular bundles are in rings around the stem
• Have broad leaves
• Taproot system

Hibiscus sp.
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Monocot vs. Dicot
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What Is the Difference Between Annuals, Biennials
and Perennials?

• Plants are often classified based on their life
  cycles
• Even though gymnosperms and angiosperms reproduce
  by seed, there are different strategies for
  passing the seeds on to future generations

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Annuals
Corn Zea mays

• Plants grow from seed, flower, produce new seeds
  all in one season
• It dies after producing new seeds
• Have an herbaceous stem green fleshy
• Ex. Impatiens, corn, snapdragons

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Biennials
Foxglove Digitals purpurea

• Plants that live for two years, then flower and
  die
• Food is produced during the first year, flowers
  the second year
• Ex. Foxglove, carrot, queen Annes lace

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Perennials

• Plants that live for three or more years
• Flower for a short time
• Do not die after flowering
• Can be herbaceous or woody having thick stems
  made of wood
• Ex. Tulips, Kentucky bluegrass, trees and shrubs

Bristlecone pine Pinus longaeva
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Germination----Growth---Flowering----Death
Germination---- Growth---Flowering----Dormancy
One or more flowering cycles
Germination---Growth---Dormancy---Growth---Floweri
ng---Death
Season 1
Season 2
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• What is the difference between an angiosperm and
  a gymnosperm?
• How is a monocot different from a dicot?
• Are evergreens herbaceous or woody plants?
• How would you classify the grass found outside on
  the lawn?

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Summary Cont.

• What makes up the scientific name of a plant?
• Why are scientific names written in Latin?
• In what group would you find mosses? Describe
  their habitat.
• Describe the life cycle of a perennial.
• Name all 7 taxas in the classification system.

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The End!