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HEMOSTASIS

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Describe the events that take place in primary hemostasis. HEMOSTASIS List the function ... Identify therapies for treatment of DIC HEMOSTASIS ... HEMOSTASIS Role ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: HEMOSTASIS


1
HEMOSTASIS
  • Dr MOHAMMED H SAIEMALDAHR
  • FACULTY of Applied Medical Sciences
  • _at_KAAU
  • MED TECH DEP
  • Room 513 ext. 21060

2
HEMOSTASIS
  • An overview of Haemostatic Mechanism, Platelet
    structure and function,
  • Define the term hemostasis, coagulation,
    fibrinolysis, and hemorrhage.
  • List the major and minor systems involved in
    maintaining hemostasis.
  • Describe the events that take place in primary
    hemostasis.

3
HEMOSTASIS
  • List the function of the vascular system.
  • Describe the major functions of the endothelium.
  • Name the three structural zones of platelets.

4
HEMOSTASIS OBJECTINES
  • Describe the composition and functions of the
    peripheral zone, the sol-gel zone, and the
    organelle zone.
  • Explain the role of platelets in the haemostatic
    process.
  • List steps in platelet plug formation
  • Name essential elements for the process of
    platelet adhesion.

5
HEMOSTASIS OBJECTINES
  • Describe the process of platelet aggregation.
  • Describe the events take place in secondary
    hemostasis.
  • Name the product responsible for stabilization
    of the haemostatic plug.
  • List characteristics for the contact coagulation
    proteins.
  • List characteristics for the prothrombin
    proteins.

6
HEMOSTASIS OBJECTINES
  • Interaction of the Fibrinolytic, Coagulation
    Systems and Related Pathology.
  • Name the component of the coagulation and
    fibrinolytic system.
  • List plasminogen activators and negative feedback
    clotting mechanisms.

7
HEMOSTASIS OBJECTINES
  • Describe plasmins action in forming the
    intermediate degradation product, D dimer.
  • Name the primary inhibitor of the fibrinolytic
    system.
  • Describe the physiologic interactions of the
    proteolytic system.

8
HEMOSTASIS OBJECTINES
  • Acquired coagulation disorders
  • Objectives
  • Following this conference, the student will be
    able to
  • Explain the classification of acquired disorder
    of haemostasis such as
  • Hepatic disease, vitamin K deficiency , renal
    disease, haeorrhagic disease of the newborn,
    overdosage with anticoagulant, massive
    transfusion syndrome.
  • Explain the action of oral anticoagulants

9
HEMOSTASIS OBJECTINES
  • Acquired coagulation disorders
  • Objectives
  • Name the most common laboratory test used to
    monitor oral anticoagulant therapy
  • List mechanisms and clinical conditions
    associated with DIC.
  • Define the three generalized clinical states of
    DIC with regard to the typical
  • Laboratory abnormalities associated with each
    state.
  • Describe the use of laboratory tests to
    distinguish primary fibrnolysis from DIC.
  • Identify therapies for treatment of DIC

10
HEMOSTASIS OBJECTINES
  • Quantitative and Qualitative Vascular and
    Platelet Disorders.
  • Both Congenital and Acquired.
  • Congenital Disorder of platelet Function
  • 1- Bernard Soulier Syndrome (BSs).
  • 2- Glanzmanns thrombasthenia

11
HEMOSTASIS
  • Objectives.
  • Definition of Hemostasis
  • Haemostatic components
  • Concepts of Normal Hemostasis
  • Role of Coagulation in Hemostasis
  • Primary and Secondary
  • Role of Blood Vessels in Hemostasis
  • Coagulation Proteins
  • Factor Nomenclature
  • Coagulation Groups
  • Phospholipids Contribution to Coagulation.

12
Vessel wall, Blood flow Coagulation Substances
13
In Case if there is an Endothelial
Injury(Bleeding must be prevented at site of
injury)
14
Flow must be Maintained
15
HEMOSTASIS
  • Definition
  • Hemostasis drives from the Greek meaning The
    stoppage of blood flow.
  • There are three haemostatic components
  • 1- The extra-vascular (The tissues surrounding
    blood vessels) involved in Hemostasis when local
    vessel is injured.
  • It plays a part in Hemostasis by providing
    back-pressure on the injured vessel through
    swelling and trapping of escaped blood.

16
HEMOSTASIS
  • The three haemostatic components
  • 2- The vascular (The blood vessels through which
    blood flow) it depends on the size, amount, of
    smooth muscle within their walls and integrity of
    the endothelial cell lining.
  • 3- The intra-vascular (The platelets and plasma
    proteins that circulate within the blood
    vessels).
  • These components are involved in Coagulation
    (clot or thrombus formation) or Fibrinolysis
    (clot or thrombus dissolution).

17
HEMOSTASIS
  • Concepts of Normal Hemostasis
  • Under normal conditions, the formation and
    dissolution of thrombi is maintained in a
    delicate balance. (fig ).

18
  • Without this balance, the individual may
    experience either excessive bleeding (poor clot
    formation or excessive Fibrinolysis)
  • Vaso-occlusion (uncontrolled formation of
    thrombin in vascular system, occluding vessels
    and depriving organs of blood).

19
HEMOSTASIS
  • There are certain conditions associated with
    excessive bleeding are referred to as
    Hypo-coagulable states.
  • Such as, Hemophilia or deficiency in one of the
    plasma coagulation proteins such as factors VIII.
  • Acquired conditions such as DIC, Liver and
    Kidney diseases.
  • In addition to Coagulation promotion, vessel
    injury initiates Fibrinolysis through endothelial
    cell release of tissue Plasminogen activators
    (tPAS).
  • This is to ensure that excessive coagulation does
    not occur.

20
HEMOSTASIS
  • Role of Coagulation in Hemostasis
  • Coagulation Is the process where by on vessel
    injury, Plasma protein, Tissue factors and
    Calcium interact on the surface of the platelets
    to form a Fibrin clot.
  • Platelets provide a surface for the coagulation
    reaction, and interact with fibrin to form a
    stable platelet fibrin clot.

21
HEMOSTASIS
  • Tissue factors (except Ca and Tissue
    Thromboplastin) normally circulate in the plasma
    as inactive proteins.
  • On activation some factors form enzymatic
    proteins known as Seiren Proteases that activate
    other specific factors in the coagulation
    sequence.
  • Other conditions are related to uncontrolled
    thrombosis are called Hyper-coagulable state.
    This is related to an appropriate formation of
    thrombi in the vascular vessels that occlude
    normal blood flow.

22
HEMOSTASIS
  • Hemostasis can be divided into two stages
  • Primary and Secondary.
  • Primary hemostasis includes the platelet and
    vascular response to vessel injury.
  • Secondary hemostasis includes the coagulation
    factors response to such injury.
  • Together, platelets, vessels, and coagulation
    factors combine to stop bleeding and allow for
    vessel repair through formation of a stable
    fibrin-platelet plug at the site of injury.

23
HEMOSTASIS
  • Role of Blood Vessels in Hemostasis
  • Blood flows through the vascular system to and
    from all parts of the body. The vascular system
    consists of capillaries, arteries, and veins.
  • Blood normally carried within vessels whose
    physical capabilities include Contraction
    (narrowing) and Dilation, which are controlled by
    the smooth muscle of the vessel media.

24
HEMOSTASIS
  • Vasoconstriction and Vasodilatation provide the
    means for control blood flow rate and blood
    pressure.
  • Substances released from the endothelial cells
    and sub- endothelial smooth muscles also
    contribute to normal blood flow and prevent
    abnormal formation of clot.
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