Diapositive 1

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Chapter 1. The notion of statutory
limitations Section 1. Definition Section 2.
Historic of the notion Chapter 2. The foundations
of statutory limitations Section 1. Historic
foundations Section 2. Foundations in continental
Europe 1. The social peace 2. The fear as a
punition 3. The punishment of the authorities
negligence 4. The legal certainty 5. The
depredation of evidence Section 3. Foundations
in common law Chapter 3. Critics on statutory
limitations Chapter 4. The non-applicability of
statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes
against humanity Section 1. Principle Section 2.
Justifications
Chapter 7 Treaties and the integration process
Dorina Shehu Yves Duquenne E.U. Politics 3SPO
- HD
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Agenda

1. Introduction
2. The Making of Treaties
3. Treaties and the Nature of European Integration
4. Conclusion

Dorina Shehu Yves Duquenne E.U. Politics 3SPO
- HD
3
INTRODUCTION

• Since the SEA Treaty Reforms, regular basis
• 2 reasons
• Evolving realities, the integration process
  requires periodic revision.
• All treaties consequence of governmental
  bargaining who can change their opinions and want
  to reform.
• Examples Amsterdam Maastricht- Nice
  treaties in satisfaction, unfinished

Dorina Shehu Yves Duquenne E.U. Politics 3SPO
- HD
4
The Making of Treaties

• The logic of treaties
• Requires periodic revision
• Never satisfies everybody, hence requires new
  negotiations
• Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice prepared new rounds

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The Making of Treaties (Cont.)

• Intergovernmental process
• European Council set the agenda
• Intergovernmental conferences (IGCs)
• Unanimity amongst representatives
• EP Commission struggle for more influence
• Ratifying Treaties
• Problematic due to referendums
• Flexible thanks to declarations and protocols

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Treaties and the Nature of European Integration

• Economics before politics
• First came ECSC
• Needed integration as well
• SEA introduced QMV for economic policy matters
• Flexibility
• Since Maastricht, continued in Lisbon
• Allows development without all members
  participating
• Member states can act together in smaller groups

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Treaties and the Nature of European Integration
(Cont.)

• Incrementalism
• Path dependence in a 3 step integration cascade
• Member state discovering added value of E.U.
• When insufficient start intergovernmental
  process
• If not enough, the supranational route
• Increase length and complexity
• Balance national/European interests not easy
• 55 TEU, 358 TFEU articles, 37 protocols, 65
  declarations, 38 combination of voting procedures

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Treaties and the Nature of European Integration
(Cont.)

• Variable pace
• 1950-60 1980-90 slow, 1990-2000 fast
• Interplay between supranational and national
  actors
• Key Actors European Council Council of
  Ministers
• Commission, EP and Courts influence not to
  underestimate

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Treaties and the Nature of European Integration
(Cont.)

• Benefits for everybody
• Economic growth and peace
• Sharing benefits whilst conserving specificity
• Redistributive policies, cohesion Funds,
  opt-in/opt-out
• Elite driven process
• Agenda set without electorate consultation
• Citizens happy to leave it to elites

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Conclusion

• The ratification of treaties has helped to the
  development of the European integration process.
• Difficulties
• Need for compromises, different visions of member
  countries.
• Article 48 of the post-Lisbon TEU provides 3 ways
  for treaty reform.
• Unanimous agreement by the national governments
  and lost of sovereignty .

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Questions? Thank you!
Dorina Shehu Yves Duquenne E.U. Politics 3SPO
- HD