Topic: Objectives

1
Topic Objectives

• General Objectives
• 1. Students will be able to set general
  objectives for a unit with the task-based
  approach.
• 2. Students will be able to make comparison
  between traditional methods and the communicative
  approach as far as objectives are concerned.

2
Lesson OneSetting general objectives for a unit
with the task-based approach

• Pre-task activities
• Step One Students choose a topic they like most
  and negotiate with the teacher.
• Step Two List tasks they are going to fulfill.
  
• While-task activities
• Step Two Use the special terms to express the
  objectives of unit development
• Post-task activities
• Step Three set unit objectives for the topic
  of shopping

3
Theoretical basis of defining objectives

• Social needs in the development of politics,
  economy, culture, education etc.
• Educational aim.
• Studentsneeds.
• Students current level
• Linguistic theories
• Educational theories

4
Types of objectives

• 1.Goals vs objectives
• 2.General objectives vs specific objectives
• 3. Behavioral obj. vs non behavioral obj.
• 4.Analytical obj. vs holistic obj.
• 5.Product-oriented obj. vs Process-oriented

5
Interrelated Broad Goals
6
The Communicative Approach

• To foster students communicative competence
  according to their needs. The ability of
  producing correct, clear, acceptable, and
  authentic discourse of a target language.

7

• The mouse the cat the dog the man the
  woman married beat chased ate had a white
  tail.

8

• You were applying to a university and
  needed a letter of recommendation. You went
  to a professor, who was also your friend,
  and said
• A. Id appreciate it if you could write a
  letter of recommendation for me. (??,?2?)
• B. I want to ask you to write a letter
  of recommendation for me.
  (????,????,?1?)
• C.I wonder if you could wrete a letter
  recommendation me.(???,?????,?1?)?
• D. Hey, give me recommendation
  letter.(????,?????,???)?

9
Specific Goals of Communication

• To be able to use the target language to
• 1. Establish and maintain personal relationships
• 2. Participate in social interaction
• 3.a ) Obtain specific information
• b) Obtain general information.
• 4. Give information
• 5. enjoy artistic works
• 6. Create artistic works

10
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• 2?????????????????
• 3???????????????????
• a?????b??????
• 4???????????????????????
• 5?????????????????????,
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• 6???????????????????????

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General Objectives(activity clusters)

• In relation to communication goal(1) learners
  will be able to use the target language to
• Introduce themselves and others
• Invite and thank others
• Say how they feel
• Describe their routine and that of friends and
  other people
• Express likes and preferences

12
Topic SHOPPING

• General objectives
• 1.Students will be able to make a shopping plan
  within a budget.
• 2.Students will be able to make a market
  investigation.
• 3. Students will be able to participate in a
  simulated shopping.
• 4. Students will be able to make an advertisement
  of a product.

1
13
Topic Personal Information

• General objectives
• students will be able to introduce themselves to
  other people.
• Students will be able to talk about family
  photos.
• Students will be able to understand and write
  personal resume.
• Students will be able to look for friends with
  written information

14
Topic Health

• General objectives
• Students will be able to
• learn to do an exercise.
• learn to do a
  first-aid.
• see a doctor and have a
  talk with doctor.
  
  
• fill in a health form.

15
Topic Interests and Hobbies

• General objectives
• Students will be able to know how to express
  likes and dislikes.
• Students will be able to describe a most
  interesting activity.
• Students will be able to make an interview on
  their hobbies and interests.
• Students will be able to participate in a debate
  on video game .

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Specific Objectives

• Learners will be able to
• generate questions
• use the future tense
• use vocabulary related to the activity

17
Lesson TwoMaking comparison between traditional
methods and the communicative approach

• Pre-task activities
• Step One Introducing objectives of traditional
• methods to students.
• Step Two Introducing objectives of the
  communicative approach to students.
• While-task activities
• Step Two Students writing papers to make
  comparison between traditional methods and the
  communicative approach as far as objectives are
  concerned.
• Post-task activities
• Step Three Peer works to evaluate the papers.

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The Grammar-translation Method

• To enable the learners to read and translate its
  literature. Grammar-translation is considered as
  a necessary preliminary to the study of literary
  works. Students are required to memorize
  grammatical rules in order to understand and
  manipulate the morphology and syntax of the
  target language. The students who can translate
  from one language into another are considered
  successful language learners.
• To provide students with good mental exercise
  that helps develop their minds.
• To gain a better understanding of the first
  language.

19
The Direct Method

• The objectives of the Direct Method are to foster
  the students' ability to communicate in the
  target language. The reason for the exclusive
  use of the foreign language in the Direct Method
  is to enable the student to think in the target
  language. The teaching of all four basic
  language skills is advocated, but the reading and
  writing exercises are based upon what the
  students practise orally first. Pronunciation is
  paid attention to from the beginning of a
  course. Vocabulary takes precedence over grammar.

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The Audiolingual Method

• Control of the structures of sound, form and
  order, mastery over symbols of the language
• Development of mastery in all four language
• skills, beginning with listening and speaking,
  and using these as a basis for the teaching of
  reading and writing. The ultimate goal is to
  develop in the students the abilities to use
  language automatically without stopping to think.

21
The Cognitive Approach

• To develop in the students the same type
  of abilities possessed by native speakers.To
  develop the students ability to the point at
  which they have a minimum control over the rules
  that allow native speakers to create the language
  necessary to communicate. That is , they should
  reach the point at which they can formulate their
  own replies to previously unmet language
  situations. Cognitive theory is less concerned
  with the primacy of the audiolingual skills.
  Instead, it emphasizes the control of the
  language in all its manifestations as a coherent
  and meaningful system, a kind of consciously
  acquired competence which the learner can put
  to use in real-life situations.

22
The Communicative Approach

• To foster students communicative competence
  according to their needs. The ability of
  producing correct, clear, acceptable, and
  authentic discourse of a target language.

23

• The mouse the cat the dog the man the
  woman married beat chased ate had a white
  tail.

24

• You were applying to a university and
  needed a letter of recommendation. You went
  to a professor, who was also your friend,
  and said
• A. Id appreciate it if you could write a
  letter of recommendation for me. (??,?2?)
• B. I want to ask you to write a letter
  of recommendation for me.
  (????,????,?1?)
• C.I wonder if you could wrete a letter
  recommendation me.(???,?????,?1?)?
• D. Hey, give me recommendation
  letter.(????,?????,???)?

25
The Activities-based ApproachGoals and Objectives

• Interrelated Broad Goals
• Specific Goals of Communication
• General Objectives(activity cluster)
• Specific Objectives

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The Task-based Language Teaching
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