Russia

1
Russia

• Chapter 8

2
A Vast Land Climate Geography of Russia

• Chapter 8
• Section 1

3
Notes Outline

1. A Vast Expanse
2. Bodies of Water
3. Climate
4. One Country, Two Continents
5. North European Plain European Russia
6. Siberia Asian Russia
7. Kamchatka Peninsula

4
I. A Vast Expanse

• Worlds largest country
• Almost twice size of U.S.
• Eurasian country Russia lies on both Europe
  Asia
• Borders 14 countries
• 11 time zones

5
(No Transcript)
6
II. Bodies of Water

• North Arctic Ocean
• East Pacific Ocean
• Caspian Sea Black Sea form natural borders
  between southwestern Russia Western Europe
• Caspian Sea size of CA/largest inland saltwater
  body in the world

7
Russia
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Azerbaijan
Iran
8
Lake Baikal in Siberia is worlds largest
freshwater lake holding 20 of worlds unfrozen
freshwater. (oldest lake in the world)
9
The Volga River is the longest river in Europe
a vital transportation route.
10
(No Transcript)
11
III. Climate

• Four climate zones steppe, humid continental,
  sub arctic tundra
• Western Russia summers are warm/rainy winters
  are cold/snowy
• Eastern Russia summers are short/cool winters
  are long/snowy
• Most ports are closed parts of the year due to ice

12
Climate map
13
Europe or Asia?
Ural Mountains
Siberia
North European Plain
14
IV. One country, Two continents

• Russia lies on two continents
• Ural Mountains act as a separation between two
  continents
• Europe
• Asia

15
Europe
Asia
Ural Mountains
16
Ural Mountains
North European Plain
17
V. North European PlainEuropean Russia

• 75 of Russias population lives here
• Mild climate
• Majority of Russias industry agriculture
• Good farmland (the steppe)
• Caucasus Mountains form southern border with
  Georgia Azerbaijan

18
Caucasus Mountains
19
Russia
Kazakhstan
Caucasus Mountains
Turkmenistan
Azerbaijan
Iran
20
Caucasus Mountains
21
Siberia
Ural Mountains
Siberia
North European Plain
22
VI. Siberia Asian Russia

• Located east of Ural Mountains
• One of worlds coldest climate
• Northern Siberia Tundra permafrost cover 40
  of Russia taiga in the south
• Fishing, hunting seals walruses, herding
  reindeer
• Few people
• Southern Siberia Plains, plateaus mountains
• Home to Siberian Tiger (endangered), bear,
  reindeer, lynx, wolf, elk, etc.

23
Endangered Siberian Tiger
24
Kamchatka Peninsula
25
(No Transcript)
26
VII. Kamchatka Peninsula

• Mountainous
• Over 120 volcanoes (20 active)
• Part of Ring of Fire
• (zone of active volcanoes that forms the
  western, northern, and eastern edges of Pacific)

27
Kronotsky volcano, an 11,975-foot volcanic peak.
28
A Troubled History

• Chapter 8
• Section 2

29
8.2 Outline

• Early Russia
• Rise of the Czars
• The Soviet Era
• Russian Revolution
• Growth of Soviet Power
• USSR under Stalin
• The Cold War
• Problems in the Soviet Union
• Gorbachev tries to fix the problems
• Collapse of the Soviet Union

30
I. Early Russia

• A. Rise of the Czars
• Czar Russian ruler with total control over
  government
• Czars ruled Russia from 1500s-1917
• Expanded Russias borders (page 246)
• Westernized Russia by encouraging
  industrialization
• Industrialization economy relies on
  manufacturing (rather than farming)

Peter the Great (1672-1725)
31

• St. Petersburg
• Venice of the North
• Served as capital of Russia until 1917 when it
  was moved to Moscow

32
(No Transcript)
33
II. The Soviet Era

• A. The Russian Revolution
• 1914 WWI affects all of Europe
• food shortages blamed on Czar
• Vladimir Lenin leads political revolution to
  overthrow Czar Nicholas II LAST CZAR

34
The 300-year-old Romanov dynasty ended on June
17, 1918 when the entire royal family was
murdered. Nicholas II was the last czar of Russia.
35
II. The Soviet Era (continued)

• B. Growth of Soviet Power
• 1. Lenin sets up a Communist state
• Communist state strong government control of
  economy society.
• 2. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, called
  USSR
• 3. Formed in 1922
• 4. 15 republics (including Russia)

36
Yellow area Russia/Green areas former Soviet
Union
37
II. The Soviet Era (continued)

• C. USSR Under Stalin
• 1. Lenin dies in 1924 Joseph Stalin becomes
  leader until after WWII
• 2. Government takes complete control of
  economy Command /Communist Economy
• 3. Those who opposed/disagreed with Stalin
  sent to prison camps in Siberia

38
II. The Soviet Era (continued)

• D. The Cold War 1940- late 1980s
• 1. After WWII, Stalin setup communist
  governments in neighboring countries
• 2. These became satellite nations controlled
  by USSR-said to be behind an iron curtain.
• 3. US USSR engage in competition for world
  influence without any actual fighting (ex. Space
  Race)

39
II. The Soviet Era (continued)

• E. Problems in the Soviet Union
• 1. Lack of competition in economy caused
  government-owned factories to be inefficient
  produce poor-quality goods
• 2. Government spent too much money on military
  causing scarcity (not enough) of food
• 3. Many different ethnic groups resent/dislike
  Russian control of government

40
II. The Soviet Era (continued)

• F. Gorbachev attempts to fix the problems
• 1. Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader in 1985
• 2. Introduces changes such as perestroika
  glasnost to help economy
• Perestroika restructuring loosened government
  control of economy
• Glasnost openness people allowed to speak
  freely

41
II. The Soviet Era (continued)

• G. Collapse of the Soviet Union
• 1. Gorbachevs reforms only cause more
  distrust of communist government
• 2. Late 1980s protests erupt in satellite
  nations
• 3. By 1991 USSR collapses
• 4. Russia is largest most powerful of all
  former USSR republics