SKELETAL SYSTEM NOTES

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SKELETAL SYSTEM NOTES
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4 Major Functions

• Framework
• Protection
• Storage
• Blood cells

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Generic Parts

• Periosteum
• Endosteum
• Epiphysis
• Diaphysis
• Epiphyseal Cartilage
• Yellow Marrow
• Red Marrow
• Foramen

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Cranium

• Frontal
• Parietal - 2
• Temporal 2
• Occipital
• Ethmoid

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Face

• Mandible
• Maxilla 2
• Zygomatic 2
• Nasal

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Spine - Vertebrae

• Cervical 7
• Thoracic 12
• Lumbar 5
• Sacrum
• Coccyx 1-3

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Chest

• Clavicle 2
• Scapula 2 (glenoid cavity,
  acromion process)
• Ribs 12
• Sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid
  process)

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Arm

• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna olecrenon process
• Carpals
• Metacarpals
• Phlanges

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Leg

• Femur head, neck, greater and lesser trochanter
• Patella
• Tibia medial ankle bone
• Fibula lateral ankle bone
• Tarsals talus, calcaneus
• Metatarsals
• Phlanges

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Pelvis

• Ilium iliac crest
• Ischium
• Pubis symphysis
• Obturator foramen
• Acetabulum

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Shoulder Girdle

• Clavicle
• Scapula
• Glenoid cavity
• Humerus

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Pelvic Girdle

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis
• Femur
• Acetabulum

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Joint Types

• Synarthroses immovable
• Amphiarthroses slightly moveable
• Diathroses freely moveable

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Diathroses Joints

• Hinge atlas, elbow, knee, fingers, toes
• Pivot axis, forearm
• Saddle thumb
• Condyloid wrist, ankle
• Ball and Socket shoulder, hip
• Gliding - vertebrae

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Movement Terms

• Flexion decreasing angle
• Extension increasing angle
• Abduction moving away
• Adduction moving towards
• Rotation turning on an axis

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Movement Terms

• Pronation turning palm down
• Supination turning palm up
• Inversion turning sole inward
• Eversion turning sole outward
• Dorsal Flexion toes towards nose
• Plantar Flexion toes away from nose

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Major Diseases/Disorders

• Sprain stretched ligament/tendon
• Arthritis inflamed joint
• Osteomyelitis inflamed bone
• Osteoporosis loss of bone density
• Osteosarcoma bone cancer
• Leukemia white blood cell cancer
• Fracture break or crack in a bone

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Types of Fractures

• Simple break thru bone
• Compound bone end thru skin
• Greenstick bent bone
• Comminuted splintered bone

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Types of Fractures

• Compressed bone pieces pressed together
• Spiral break caused by twist
• Incomplete crack in bone
• Avulsion process broken off bone

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Complete Blood Count

• Erythrocytes (RBC) carry o2 and co2, 4 million
• Leukocytes (WBC) fight invaders, 5-10 thousand
• Thrombocytes (platelets) clot blood, 250-400
  thousand

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CBC with Differential

• Complete blood count that counts the numbers of
  the 5 major types of white blood cells.