Elements and Their Properties

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Chapter 20

• Elements and Their Properties

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Chapter 20

• Section 1 Metals

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You will learn how to..

• Describe the properties of a typical metal
• Identify the alkali metals and alkaline earth
  metals
• Differentiate among three groups of transition
  elements
• This is important because metals are a part of
  your everyday life--- from electric cords to the
  cars you ride in.

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Metals on the Periodic Table

• On the periodic table, the metals are found on
  the LEFT side of the zig-zag line.

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Properties of Metals

• Conduct heat and electricity
• Luster (shiny)
• Solid (EXCEPT Mercury (Hg) liquid)
• Malleable (bendable)
• Ductile (Drawn into wires)

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Metals
Valence electron

• Metals generally have 1-3 electrons on their
  outer energy level (valence electrons).
• In chemical reactions, metals tend to GIVE UP
  electrons easily because they are close to having
  an empty outer energy level.

3 P 4N
Lithium
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Metals

• When a metal GIVES UP an electron, the atom then
  has MORE protons than electrons and the atom is
  no longer neutral. The atom is MORE POSITIVE.
• When a metal gives up an electron it becomes a
  positively charged ion.

Na gave up an electron to Cl. The Na atom becomes
a positively charged ion because it has more
protons than electrons.
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Bonding in Metals

• When metals give electrons to nonmetals, an ionic
  bond is formed.

Metal (Na) Nonmetal (Cl) Ionic Bond (NaCl)
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Types of Metals

• Alkali Metals
• Alkaline Earth Metals
• Transition Elements
• Inner Transition Elements

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Alkali Metals

• Located in GROUP 1 of the periodic table
• The MOST HIGHLY REACTIVE metal because they only
  have 1 valence electron, so these elements are
  NOT found free in nature
• Gives away the 1 valence electron because it is
  easier to LOSE 1 versus gaining 7 electrons to
  complete the octet (8electrons)

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Alkali Metals

• Some uses of Alkali Metals
• Living things need potassium and sodium compounds
  to stay healthy.
• Doctors use lithium compounds to treat bipolar
  depression

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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Located in GROUP 2 of the periodic table
• The 2nd MOST HIGHLY REACTIVE metal because they
  only have 1 valence electron, so these elements
  are NOT found free in nature
• Gives away the 2 valence electrons because it is
  easier to LOSE 2 versus gaining 6 electrons to
  complete the octet (8electrons)

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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Some uses of Alkaline Earth Metals
• Magnesium and strontium are used in are used in
  fireworks to produce the brilliant white color
  and the bright red flashes.
• Calcium compounds are needed for life. Calcium
  compounds in your bones helps make them strong.

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Transition Metals

• Located in GROUP 3-12 of the periodic table
• Iron Triad iron, cobalt, nickel (used to make
  steel and other metal mixtures)
• Coinage metals copper, silver, gold (used to
  make coins)

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Inner Transition Metals

• Located at the bottom of the periodic table
• Lanthanides
• Actinides- ALL are unstable and radioactive-
  nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and
  energy

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Chapter 20

• Section 2 Nonmetals

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You will learn how to..

• Recognize hydrogen as a nonmetal
• Compare and contrast properties of the halogens
• Describe properties and uses of the noble gases
• This is important because nonmetals are not only
  all around you, the are an essential part of your
  body!

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Nonmetals on the Periodic Table

• On the periodic table, the nonmetals are found on
  the RIGHT side of the zig-zag line.
• REMEMBER HYDROGEN IS A NONMETAL!

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Properties of Nonmetals

• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• No luster (not shiny)
• Not malleable (bendable)
• Not ductile (CAN NOT be drawn into wires)
• Usually gases OR brittle solids

Sulfur
Oxygen
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Did you know..

• Most of your body mass is made up of nonmetals!
• oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

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Bonding in Nonmetals

• Ionic and Covalent

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Hydrogen
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Diatomic Molecules
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Nonmetals

• Halogens
• Noble Gases

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The Halogens
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Halogens on the Periodic Table
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Halogens

• Some uses of Halogens

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Noble Gases on the Periodic Table
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Chapter 20

• Section 3 Mixed Groups

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You will learn how to.

• Distinguish among metals, nonmetals, and
  metalloids
• Describe the nature of allotropes
• Recognize the significance of differences in
  crystal structure in carbon
• Understand the importance of synthetic elements
• This is important because the elements in mixed
  groups affect your life every day, because they
  are in everything from the computer you use to
  the air you breathe.

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Metalloids on the Periodic Table
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Properties of Metalloids
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Boron Group on the Periodic Table
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Carbon Group
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Allotrope

• Allotrope- same element with a different
  molecular structure

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Allotropes

• This figure shows three allotropes of carbon.

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Nitrogen Group on the Periodic Table
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Oxygen Group on the Periodic Table
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Synthetic Elements on the Periodic Table