Pulling It All Together

1
Pulling It All Together

• Unit 5
• 1914 to present

2
Nationalism

• Since WWII and the formation of the United
  Nations , there has been interest in maintaining
  international security. Some of the organizations
  that are charged with this task are from the Cold
  War era NATO, the United Nations, and the
  International Atomic Energy Agency.

3
ICC

• Others, such as the International Criminal Court
  in the Hague (formed in 2002) were formed to
  prosecute war crimes and crimes against humanity,
  no matter who committed them. Still others,
  including Amnesty international and NGOs. Such as
  Human Rights Watch and Doctors Without Borders,
  serve to publicize issues that threaten human
  health and safety and provide aid to those in
  need.

4
Alphabet Soup

• 1. European Union--trade benefits/economic and
  political union (Euro--currency)
• 2. United Nations--mission prevent/solve
  conflicts
• 3. International Monetary Fund--gives loans to
  developing nations (roads, bridges, industry)
• 4. World Trade Organization--promotes free
  trade/trade agreements b/w countries

5
Alphabet Soup

• 5. North America Free Trade Agreement--free trade
  (no tariffs) b/w U.S., Mexico, Canada
• 6. North Atlantic Treaty Org.--military
  alliance--Former Warsaw Pact countries join in
  1990s.
• 7. Group of Six or G6- created in 1975 (US, GB,
  West Germany, Italy, Japan, and Poland and Canada
  in 77, Russia in 97) They are now known as the
  G20. This group meets annually to discuss issues
  of mutual or global concern such as climate,
  terrorism, and trade.

6
Environment

• The first Earth Summit on global climate change
  was held in 1992in Rio de Janeiro and Kyoto
  Protocol in 1997 was an attempt to make a global
  agreement on ways to reduce environmental
  damages. But the industrialized nations must
  balance potential damage to economic growth with
  environmental concerns, and it is a business of
  production and consumption that continues to be
  most important to policymakers.

7
Technology

• Beginning in the 1970s and 1980s, new hardware
  and software developed by American companies, who
  with the use of a silicon chip, had reduced the
  size and had increased the power of the computer.
• By the late 1980s the earliest version of the
  World Wide Web and by the 1990s commercial
  browsers allowed personal use for email, surfing
  the web.

8
Women

• The integration and global connectedness of the
  world made access to education and political
  freedoms far more widespread, especially among
  the middle and upper classes.
• Politically, women gained the right to vote in
  many parts of the world by the first quarter of
  the twentieth century. By 1930, the right had
  been gained by women in Latin America, India,
  China, and Japan and most of Europe.

9
Women

• After WWII, most of the newly independent African
  countries included womens suffrage in their
  constitutions, and it is only in the most
  fundamentalist of the Middle Eastern countries
  that women still do not have the right to vote.
• In most Asian and African countries, female
  access to formal political power continues to be
  limited.

10
Women

• Under Communism everyone is equal, women played
  key roles in the Communist Revolutions in Russia,
  China, and Cuba, and educational opportunities
  were opened especially in the professions such as
  medicine. But almost all the key positions within
  the Communist parties were and are held by men.
• In China, the one child policy and mandatory
  sterilization disproportionately impact women and
  female children.

11
The Family

• Family structure changed dramatically
• Birth rates dropped
• Birth control was widely available
• Marriage rates declined
• Divorce and second marriages became more common

12
Nationalism

• Nationalism led to
• Fascism in Nazi Germany
• Independent movements after WWII
• In both WWI and WWII the aggressors were highly
  nationalistic
• The Cold War b/c it pitted two opposing world
  views (identified w/ Soviets or US)
• Gandhi- wanting everyone to look at themselves as
  Indians, not as Hindus and Muslims

13
Nationalism

• In the twentieth century, globalization really
  got going
• Aided by transportation, communication, and
  imperialism
• As more countries start to look the same
  (independent, constitutional, democratic) their
  economies function in the same way (stock market,
  low barriers to trade, strong banking system) and
  their cultures look the same (educated people,
  Hollywood movies playing at the theaters, cell
  phones)
• STRONG argument for convergence of cultures

14
Self-Determination

• Biggest movements in the twentieth century were
  rooted in self-determination and nationalism
• The whole point of self determination is for
  nations to chart their own course