The Cell Organelles

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The Cell Organelles
Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Lysosomes Ribosomes Centrioles Cilia Flagella Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Lysosomes Ribosomes Centrioles Cilia Flagella Chloroplast Chromplast Leucoplast Vacuole
Plants
Animals
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Animal Cell
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Plant Cell
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Organelle The Cell Membrane
Two Word Definition
a. Selectively permeable
Function
a. an outer membrane perimeter of the cell that
acts as a fence with gates which allow certain
materials to pass in and out of the cell
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Organelle The Cell Membrane
3. Structure
a. the structure is a complex structure known as
a lipid bi-layer. The concept of the structure is
called the fluid mosaic model
Lipid bi-layer
Individual phospholipid
Protein gate
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Organelle The Cell Membrane TEM
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Organelle Nucleus
1. Two Word Definition
a. Control center
2. Function
a. Controls the activities of the cell
3. Structure

1. Outer membrane called the nuclear membrane is a
   double membrane

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Organelle Nucleus
3. Structure cont
b. Inner fluid environment called nucleoplasm
c. Nucleus contains genetic molecule DNA,
structured as chromosomes
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Organelle Nucleus TEM
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Organelle Nucleolus
1. Two Word Definition/ Function
a. makes ribosomes
2. Structure
a. basically a knot of chromatin
Ribosome maker
Nucleus
Nucleolus
b. can be more than one in a nucleus
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Organelle The Mitochondria
1. Two Word Definition
a. powerhouse
2. Function
a. site of cell process cell respiration
b. production of ATP
i. ATP molecule of energy
cell battery pack
ii. Trivia use 1 billion ATPs / 2 minutes
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Organelle The Mitochondria
3. Structure
a. overall appearance kidney bean shape
b. two regions of the interior
i. matrix inner fluid
ii. cristae inner folded membrane
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Diagram of mitochondria
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TEM of Mitochondria
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Organelle Endoplasmic Reticulum
1. Prefix / Suffix Time
a. endo means inside
b. plasma means fluid
c. reticulate means repeated patterns
2. Two word definition
a. transport and storage
3. Function
a. transports and stores proteins
b. divides cell into compartments
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Organelle Endoplasmic Reticulum
4. Two kinds of ER
a. rough ER has ribosomes
b. smooth ER has no ribosomes
5. Structure of ER
a. network of channel like membranes
b. connectd to the nuclear membrane
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Diagram of Endoplasmic Reticulum
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TEM of Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Organelle Golgi Apparatus or Complex
1. Mr. Golgi

• Camello Golgi discovered the Golgi Apparatus in
  1898

Camello Golgi won 1906 Nobel Prize recognition in
Medicine for his work on cells
2. Two Word Definition
a. cell packaging center
b. modifies protein vesicles made in rough ER
c. makes lysosomes
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Organelle Golgi Apparatus or Complex
3. Function
a. modifies protein vesicles made in rough ER
these vesicles will leave the cell
b. makes lysosomes
4. Structure
a. Flattened stack of membranes a pancake stack
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The Golgi Apparatus
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TEM of Golgi Complex
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Organelle Lysosomes
1. Two Word Definition
a.suicide sacs
2. Function
a. contain enzymes used to destroy material
inside and outside the cell
3. Structure
a. membrane sack filled with hydrolytic enzymes
b. made by the Golgi Complex
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The Formation of Lysosomes by Golgi Apparatus
Vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes is pinched
off the Golgi and begins journey to cell membrane
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Organelle Ribosomes
1. Two Word Definition
a. protein synthesis
2. Function
a. site of the construction of proteins
3. Structure
a. made of ribosomal RNA ( nucleic acid )
b. two locations
i. free ribosomes or floaters
ii. ribosomes connected to rough ER
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TEM of ribosomes free ribosomes in cytoplasm
Ribosome Structure
Ribosome structure made of two subunits
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Organelle Chromosomes
1. Two Word Definition
a. Heredity information, genetic mailman
2. Function
a. code for all the organisms traits
3. Structure
a. composed of DNA and proteins
b. when cell is at rest, DNA is known as chromatin
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Organelle Chromosomes TEM
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Organelle Cilia and Flagella
1. Two Word Definition
a. Cilia short / fast movement
b. Flagella long / slow movement
2. Structure
a. Cilia short hair-like structures
9 2 arrangement of microtubules
cilia in trachea
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Organelle Cilia and Flagella
2. Structure ( cont)
b. Flagella long hair-like structures
biological motor in bacteria
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Organelle Centrioles
1. Two Word Defintion
a. cell division
b. makes spindle fibers
2. Structure
a. Made of microtubules of contractile proteins
b. Tubules organized in a 9 x 3 arrangement
c. Centrioles located at right angles to each
other outside the nucleus
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Organelle Centrioles
3. Function
a. Centrioles produce spindle fibers during cell
division
i. As cell division begins centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell
ii. Once positioned centrioles will produce
spindle fibers
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Organelle Chloroplast
1. Two Word Defintion
a. Photosynthesis
2. Function
a. Site of photosynthetic reactions
b. Conversion of light energy into chemical energy
3. Structure
a. similar appearance to mitochondria
b. two main regions
i. stroma fluid
ii. grana stacks of chlorophyll discs
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Organelle Chloroplast
3. Structure
Chlorophyll storage
Fluid environment
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Organelle Chloroplast
4. Relation of structure to function
Sunlight energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll
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Organelle Plastids / chromoplast, leucoplast,
chloroplast
A. Chromoplast (plants only)
1. Two word definition color storage or color
bodies
2. Structure
a. Membrane sacks filled with non-green pigments
in plants
3. Function
a. Coloration of flowers, fruit and leaves
B. Leucoplast (plants only)
1. Two word definition starch storage (function)
2. Structure membrane sack filled with starch
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Organelle Vacuole
A. Two word definition
1. Water / food storage
Function of water vacuole in plants is to provide
tugor pressure which keeps plants upright
One cell organisms stomach
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Cells Two Kinds
Eu true
Karyon nucleus
pro first
Karyon nucleus
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
1. Generally larger
1. Very small cell size
2. Contain a defined nucleus
2. No defined nucleus
3. Contain membrane bound organelles
3. No membrane bound organelles
4. Found in kingdoms Animalia, Plantae,
Protista, Fungi
4. Found only in the kingdom Monera bacteria and
blue green algae
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Cells organization
Unicellular organisms
Multi-cellular
Colonies
Groups of cells
Little cell specialization
high cell specialization
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Cells multi-cellular organization
cells
tissues
organs
systems
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Organism
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