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RAD 254 Chapter 3 The Structure of Matter

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RAD 254 Chapter 3 The Structure of Matter Basic considerations of the atom-The atom is the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: RAD 254 Chapter 3 The Structure of Matter


1
RAD 254 Chapter 3The Structure of Matter
  • Basic considerations of the atom
  • -The atom is the smallest part of an element that
    has all the properties of that element

2
112 total elements
  • 92 are natural
  • 20 are artificial

3
Rutherford-Bohr
  • Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr combination
    model of the atom is what we use today
  • Nucleus and orbital electron shells surrounding
    the nucleus

4
Atoms may combine
  • Can combine to form MOLECULES
  • Chemical compound new substance formed when two
    or MORE atoms of diff. elements combine
  • Covalent bond sharing outer electrons among two
    atoms
  • Ionic bond atoms attracted to each other due to
    opposite charges

5
Atoms Molecules
  • Smallest particle of an element is an atom
  • Smallest particle of a compound is a molecule
  • Atoms consist of 3 main parts electrons, protons
    and neutrons
  • Mass of an atom is expressed in atomic mass units
    (AMUs)
  • Nucleons protons () and neutrons (no charge)

6
Electron shells
  • Electrons only exist in certain shells K,L,M,N,
    etc where K shell is the 1 shell, L is 2 and
    so on this equals the MOST that can exist in
    any one shell not that they DO HAVE THAT MANY!
  • The number of electrons in the outer shell tells
    which group and period it exists in the periodic
    table

7
Electron Binding Energy
  • The binding force or gravitational pull of an
    electron toward the nucleus.
  • Is greatest the CLOSER the shell is to the nucleus

8
Varied of mass and atomic
  • ISOTOPE same number of protons BUT different
    of neutrons
  • ISOBAR different of protons and neutrons BUT
    same total of nucleons
  • ISOTONES same of neutrons but different of
    protons
  • ISOMER same atomic number and same atomic mass
    number exist at different energy states due to
    differing nuclear arrangements

9
RADIOACTIVITY
  • Emission of particles and energy in order to
    become stable
  • Can be emission of alpha, beta or gamma
  • Particulate radiation is alpha or beta
  • alphahelium nucleus 2 protons, two
    neutrons
  • beta an electron emitted from the nucleus
    of a radioactive atom

10
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
  • Gamma rays or X-rays
  • NO MASS
  • NO charge
  • Travel the speed of light
  • 3 X 1010 cm/sec
  • 3 X 108 m/sec

11
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