Atom

1
Atom

• B.Chaimongkol

2
People have long asked,

• "What is the world made of?"
• and
• "What holds it together?"

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What is the World Made of?

• ???????????????????????? ?????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• Earth, Air, Fire, water

4
The atom

• Today we know that there is something more
  fundamental than earth, water, air, and fire...
• Around 1900, people thought of atoms as permeable
  balls with bits of electric charge bouncing
  around inside.
• But is the atom fundamental?

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Is the Atom Fundamental?

• ??????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ???????????? ??????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????? ????????????????? ????? ???????
• ????????????????? ??????????????
• ?????????????????????? ??????????????????
• ?????????????????????????

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Is the Nucleus Fundamental?

• ??????? ???????????????????? ?????????????
  ??????????
• ??????? ????????? ??????????????????????,
  ???? ???
• ???????????
• ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????
• ?????? ??????????
• So, then, are protons and neutrons
  fundamental?

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Are Protons and Neutrons Fundamental?

• ???????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??? ???????
  ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????
  (Quarks)
• After extensively testing this theory,
• scientists now suspect that quarks and the
  electron are fundamental.

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The Modern Atom Model

• ??????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????
  ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????
• ??????????????????? quarks
  ??????
• ??????????????????????
• 
  ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
  ?????? ???????????????? 1 cm.
• - ????????????? quarks
  ??????????????????????????????????????
• - ????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? 30 ???? ??????
• 99.999999999999 ?????????????????????
  ?????????

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The Scale of the Atom
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The Standard Model

• ??????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
• 6 quarks
• 6 leptons (??????????)
• Force carrier particles,
• like the photon

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Quarks

• ?????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ???????????????????
• ?????????????????? 6 ??? ???????????????
• ??? up/down, charm/strange,
• and top/bottom.

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A Lot to Remember

• We have answered the questions, "What is the
  world made of?" and "What holds it together?"
• The world is made of six quarks and six
  leptons. Everything we see is a conglomeration of
  quarks and leptons.
• There are four fundamental forces and there are
  force carrier particles associated with each
  force.

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Searching for the Atom's Structure

• ?? ??. 1909 Ernest Rutherford ????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ??ZnS2 ?????????????? ?????????????????
  ?????????????????? ???????????????????????

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Rutherford's Result

• ?????????????????????????????? ???????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????

• ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ?????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??

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Rutherford's Analysis

• ??????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????? ??????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????,
  ???????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????
  ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ?????????

• ?????????????????

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?????????????

• http//particleadventure.org/particleadventure/fr
  ameless/startstandard.html