Titian

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Titians School of Athens
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ARISTOTLE

• THE SCIENTIST

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The scientific observer

• A categorizer, and organizer.
• Some men are born to lead and some to follow.
• Hence, slavery OK, because it is natural,
  inequality of genders as well.
• What is natural is both real and right

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JUSTICE Definition 1

• Justice is treating equals equally
• And treating unequals unequally

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The logician

• Father of syllogism
• All men are mortal.
• Socrates is mortal.
• Socrates is a man.

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The four causes

• Material out of what
• Efficient by what
• Formal into what
• Final for the purpose of what
• the end (telos, hence teleology)

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What is the end (goal) of man?

• The Nicomachean Ethics.
• An attempt to show how we should behave
• should indicates in keeping with our proper,
  just (final) cause.
• A lot about friendship 3 types
• for our good
• shared interest, and
• true friendship

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• What is a good man?
• Good for what?

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What are the goods?

• Some goods are self evident.
• Health, knowledge, skills, liberty
• Society
• to allow the others to be achieved

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Doctrine of the Mean

• Virtues are the midpoint, the goldilocks just
  right balance between extremes.
• Ex Deficiency cowardice
• Excess foolhardiness
• Virtue courage
• Miserliness, extravagance, generosity

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Modern example

• Deficiency not caring about a test
• Excess obsessing about a test pulling an
  all-nighter panic attack
• Virtue preparedness

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• NB Platos definition of justice, harmony
  balance, proper ordering

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So,

• Virtues, practiced, habitual
• Eudaimonia activity of the soul in accord with
  virtue
• What is the highest pleasure?
• Happiness and pleasure

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The end of man.

• To realize our potential,
• The highest activity we are capable of, that
  which is most like the gods?
• Not the mentality of a child, pleasurable as it
  is.
• Not just pleasure

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• Active or passive?
• Contemplative or by good deeds

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Abraham MaslowAmerican 1908-1970

• Hierarchy of needs,
• None higher can be reached until the lower ones
  are satisfied.
• Physical needs
• Safety needs
• Belonging needs
• Esteem needs

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Self actualization

• Which means?

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What are the goods?

• Real (needs) and apparent (wants)
• Of the real
• Instrumental and ultimate
• Of the instrumental
• Possessions (external) and
• Perfections (internal)