SC.912.L.14.3

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SC.912.L.14.3

• By
• Daniel Auli

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What is SC.912.L.14.3

• Compare and Contrast the structures found in
  plant cells and in animal cells
• Compare and contrast the structures found in
  prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Describe how structures in cells are directly
  related to their function in the cell
• Explain the role of the cell membrane during
  active and passive transport

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Compare and Contrast Plant and Animal cell
structures

• A plant cell has a vacuole. This is a sac in
  which the cell stores water and nutrients. An
  animal cell has no vacuole as it does not make
  its own food and therefore does not need to store
  these nutrients in that way.
• A plant cell has chloroplasts. These are the
  instruments in which photosynthesis occurs (the
  process of plants making their own food), and
  where the pigment chlorophyll comes from, which
  makes the plant green. An animal cell has no
  chloroplasts as it does not need to make its own
  food.

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Plant and Animal structures cont.

• Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus. The
  nucleus controls the function of the cell and
  what takes place in it. All cells need this
  control.
• Both plant and animal cells have a cytoplasm. The
  cytoplasm is what fills up the cell and gives it
  shape. Many important metabolic reactions take
  place in the cytoplasm. All cells need these
  reactions to occur.
• The animal cell has a cell membrane and the plant
  cell has a cell wall. Both perform the same main
  function - they are a semipermeable membrane that
  controls the entry and exit of gases and
  substances to and from the cell. The cell wall,
  however, is more rigid and thick, while the cell
  membrane is more flexible and is thinner.
• The animal cell membrane is thin and flexible
  because the animal gets its strength from the
  skeleton structure of the animal. However, the
  plant does not have a bone structure, so its
  strength must come from the cellular level. The
  thick and rigid cell wall provides this strength.
  

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Compare and ContrastProkaryotic and Eukaryotic
cells

• Prokaryotic cells are organisms without a cell
  nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.
• Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells are
  organized into complex structures by internal
  membranes and a cytoskeleton.

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How structures in cells are directly related to
their function in the cell

• Surface to volume ratio keeps it at the right
  size to conduct cellular business. Which also
  allows for a smooth connection between each part
  of the cell.

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The role of the cell membrane during Active and
Passive transport

• During Active transport a cell uses energy to
  transport materials to other parts of the cell.
  During Passive transport the cell membrane can
  facilitate diffusion (such as larger
  macromolecules) through channel proteins

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Plant cells and Animal cells
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells