Basic Punctuation Functions

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Basic Punctuation Functions
,

• Mr. Tibbens

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Commas

• Uses
• 1) After introductory words/phrases/clauses
• - After school, Sally will walk her dogs.
• 2) Around interruptions
• - I will have to ask my coach, Mr. Kelly, if I
  can leave early.
• 3) Between items in a list of three or more
• - Johnny loves football, baseball, and
  basketball.
• 4) Between multiple modifiers
• - The old, smelly dog sleeps in the basement.
• 5) Before FANBOYS to combine related sentences
• - Sally enjoys music, but she loves literature.

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Commas

• 1) After introductory words/phrases/clauses
• - After school, I will walk my dogs.
• - Today, we will learn about commas.
• - Next class, well do more punctuation.
• - Before you leave, be sure to lock the doors.
• - While punctuation can be boring, it is
  important.

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Commas

• 2) Around interruptions
• - I will have to ask my coach, Mr. Kelly, if I
  can leave early.
• - Will you, Mr. Smith, please be quiet?
• - The dog, the one with brown fur, is well
  trained.
• - Animal Farm, which is a great book, will
  conclude our year.
• - Juan loves all kinds of pizza toppings, except
  for anchovies.

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Commas

• 3) Between items in a list of three or more
• - Johnny loves football, baseball, and
  basketball.
• - Peanut butter and jelly, ham and cheese, and
  turkey are my favorite sandwiches.
• - You can walk, jog, or run on that treadmill.
• - The teacher seems to like commas, semicolons,
  and colons.
• - The Spartans, Bulldogs, and Falcons are high
  school teams in Ashburn.

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Commas

• 4) Between multiple modifiers
• - The old, smelly dog sleeps in the basement.
• - Your intelligent, handsome, humble English
  teacher is great.
• - That tall, strong woman is both athletic and
  academic.
• - Suzette helped the dirty, scraggly, disheveled
  man.
• - Loud, unfocused, unmotivated students tend to
  struggle.

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Commas

• 5) Before FANBOYS to combine related sentences
• - Sally enjoys music, but she loves literature.
• - Shantel will go to college, and Anthony will
  join the army.
• - Alex dislikes most dairy products, yet he
  still eats ice cream.
• - Jim does not like school, nor does he like
  work.
• - You can work hard, or you can slack off, but
  no one will do the work for you.

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Commas

• 5) Before FANBOYS to combine related sentences
• FOR
• AND
• NOR
• BUT
• OR
• YET
• SO

FANBOYS are coordinating conjunctions. A
coordinating conjunction connects two words, two
phrases, or two clauses or equal rank or
significance.
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Commas

• 5) Before FANBOYS to combine related sentences
• - Sally enjoys music, but she loves literature.
• - Shantel will go to college, and Anthony will
  join the army.
• - Alex dislikes most dairy products, yet he
  still eats ice cream.
• - Jim does not like school, nor does he like
  work.
• - You can work hard, or you can slack off, but
  no one will do the work for you.

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Commas

• Uses
• 1) After introductory words/phrases/clauses
• - After school, Sally will walk her dogs.
• 2) Around interruptions
• - I will have to ask my coach, Mr. Kelly, if I
  can leave early.
• 3) Between items in a list of three or more
• - Johnny loves football, baseball, and
  basketball.
• 4) Between multiple modifiers
• - The old, smelly dog sleeps in the basement.
• 5) Before FANBOYS to combine related sentences
• - Sally enjoys music, but she loves literature.

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Semicolons

• Uses
• 6) To combine separate but related sentences
• - I love golf I play it all the time.
• - Billy wants to play unfortunately, he has
  no money.
• 7) Between items in a list when the items include
  extra commas
• - Sally has travelled to Pittsburgh, PA
  Harrisonburg, VA and Raleigh, NC.

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Semicolons

• 6) To combine separate but related sentences
• - Jack loves golf he plays it all the time.
• - Billy wants to play unfortunately, he has no
  money.
• - Im learning commas furthermore, I will learn
  semicolons and colons.
• CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
• (Sentence conjunctive adverb, sentence.)
• accordingly, furthermore, moreover, similarly,
  also, hence, namely, still, anyway, however,
  nevertheless, besides, incidentally, next,
  thereafter, certainly, indeed, nonetheless,
  therefore, consequently, instead, now, thus,
  finally, likewise, otherwise, undoubtedly,
  further, meanwhile and many more.

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Semicolons

• 7) Between items in a list when the items include
  extra commas
• - Sally has travelled to Pittsburgh, PA
  Harrisonburg, VA and Raleigh, NC.
• - My team won on January 27, 1999 February 12,
  2002 and September 13, 2005.
• - I dislike smelly, old men nagging, old women
  loud, angry boys and soft spoken, mean girls.

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Semicolons

• Uses
• 6) To combine separate but related sentences
• - I love golf I play it all the time.
• - Billy wants to play unfortunately, he has
  no money.
• 7) Between items in a list when the items include
  extra commas
• - Sally has travelled to Pittsburgh, PA
  Harrisonburg, VA and Raleigh, NC.

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Colons

• Uses
• 8) (After a complete sentence) to set up an
  explanation, clarification, or example
• - Ill bring the following items cookies,
  candy, and soda.
• - Mr. Tibbens is an excellent teacher he
  explains concepts well.
• SPECIAL NOTE
• Do NOT use a colon with the following kinds of
  phrases for example, such as, to clarify,
  or like. A colon does the same job as these
  phrases they all set up examples,
  clarifications, or explanations.

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• Comma Uses
• 1) After introductory words/phrases/clauses
• - After school, Sally will walk her dogs.
• 2) Around interruptions
• - I will have to ask my coach, Mr. Kelly, if I
  can leave early.
• 3) Between items in a list of three or more
• - Johnny loves football, baseball, and
  basketball.
• 4) Between multiple modifiers
• - The old, smelly dog sleeps in the basement.
• 5) Before FANBOYS to combine related sentences
• - Sally enjoys music, but she loves literature.
• Semicolon Uses
• 6) To combine separate but related sentences
• - I love golf I play it all the time.
• - Billy wants to play unfortunately, he has no
  money.
• 7) Between items in a list when the items
  include extra commas
• - Sally has travelled to Pittsburgh, PA
  Harrisonburg, VA and Raleigh, NC.
• Colon Uses
• 8) (After a complete sentence) to set up an
  explanation, clarification, or example

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OVERsimplifying Punctuation

• (Be careful these simplifications are NOT
  always correct!)
• , and (kinda)
• ,FANBOYS .
• ,FANBOYS
• .
• ,for example (such as, etc.)
• !

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Questions?