NEW DEAL PROGRAMS

1
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS

• FDR 1933 Inauguration

2
BANKING

• Reconstruction Finance Corp. From Hoover, kept
  by FDR, loaned to banks to stay open
• bank holiday FDR closed all banks right after
  his inauguration
• Emergency Banking Act reopened those banks with
  the funds to be safe increased govt. oversight
  of banks

Newspaper Reports FDRs Quick Action
3
BANKING

• fireside chats first of these radio talks to
  the nation by FDR focused on getting people to
  put money back into the recently reopened banks
• F.D.I.C. (Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.)
  protected up to 5,000 in individual deposits in
  banks

FDR delivers his first fireside chat
4
FARMERS

• Dust Bowl (1930-1936) dust storms caused by
  severe drought in which the fertile soil of the
  plains was blown around and farms were ruined

5
FARMERS

• Farmers Holiday Association farmers withheld
  grain and livestock from market (1932)
• Wisconsin Milk Strike dairy farmers dumped milk
  to prevent it from going to market in hopes of
  raising the price on milk (1933)

Wisconsin Farmers Breaking Milk Bottles
6
FARMERS

• Farm Credit Administration (1933) provided loans
  to farmers to meet farm payments
• A.A.A. (Agricultural Adjustment Act) provided
  subsidies to farmers to produce less

7
FARMERS

• Resettlement Administration (1935) gave loans
  to tenant farmers to buy their own farms and to
  sharecroppers and migrant farmers to move to more
  profitable areas
• Rural Electrification Administration (1935)

8
FARMERS

• Butler v. U.S. (1935) Supreme Court case that
  struck down the A.A.A.
• Soil Conservation Act (1935) passed after
  A.A.A. was struck down paid farmers to plant
  grasses instead of crops

Soil Erosion Research Site In Oklahoma
9
FARMERS

• Farm Tenancy Act (1937) created Farm Security
  Administration which loaned 1 billion to farmers
  to buy farms (replaced the Resettlement
  Administration)

Tenant Farmers in a Cotton Field in Mississippi
10
UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS

• Federal Emergency Relief Act (1933) 500
  million to state and local relief agencies
• Home Owners Loan Corp. (1933) helped city
  dwellers to refinance home mortgages

Soup Kitchen for the Unemployed
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UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS

• National Industrial Recovery Act (N.I.R.A.)
  created the Public Works Administration (P.W.A.)
  which provided jobs mostly in construction
  projects (1933)

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UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS

• Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) provided
  construction jobs, prevented soil erosion and
  flooding, and provided jobs operating the
  hydroelectric dams (1933)

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UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS

• Civilian Conservation Corp. (C.C.C.) employed
  jobless urban young men in projects like creating
  parks, reforestation, and soil erosion control
  (1933)

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UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS

• Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) temporary
  public works agency (1933)

C.W.A. Workers in New York City
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UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS

• Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.) expanded
  previous works programs to those of nearly all
  occupations (1935)

W.P.A. Artists Work ?
? W.P.A. Sponsored Theater
16
INDUSTRY / LABOR

• National Recovery Administration (N.R.A.)
  drafted codes for each industry for production
  limits, wages, prices, etc. (1933)
• also part of N.I.R.A. like the P.W.A.

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INDUSTRY / LABOR

• Schechter Poultry Corp. v. U.S. (1935) a
  Supreme Court case that invalidated regulations
  on the poultry industry and essentially struck
  down the N.I.R.A.

18
INDUSTRY / LABOR

• Wagner Act (1935) replaced the struck down
  N.I.R.A. it allowed unions and collective
  bargaining and set up the National Labor
  Relations Board (N.L.R.B.), which oversaw its
  responsibilities and mediated between unions and
  management

N.L.R.B. was designed to prevent problems like
this police battle with striking truck drivers
in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1934
19
INDUSTRY / LABOR

• Congress of Industrial Organizations (C.I.O.)
  when the American Federation of Labor indicated
  reluctance to organize unskilled workers, John L.
  Lewis, who was president of the United Mine
  Workers Union, created the C.I.O. which attracted
  millions of unskilled industrial workers

John L. Lewis
20
INDUSTRY / LABOR

• Sit-down strikes
• Fair Labor Standards Act (1937) gives sanction
  to the minimum wage and maximum work week of 40
  hours

Auto workers sitting on car seats inside a GM
factory in Flint during 1937 UAW sit-down strike
21
STOCK MARKET

• Federal Securities Act (1933) required
  corporations to inform govt. of all stock
  offerings (to try to end insider trading)
• Congress abolished buying on margin (1934)
• Securities and Exchange Commission (S.E.C.) set
  up to enforce regulations on the stock market
  (1934)

1934 S.E.C. Meeting with Joseph Kennedy seated in
center