Mental Health

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Mental Health
Unit 2 (1)
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Mental health is
The state of being free from mental
disturbances that limit functioning.
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The state of being free from mental
Disturbances that limit functioning.
If you know of someone who has been diagnosed
with a mental disorder, how does the disorder
limit their ability to function? (How is their
daily life impacted?)
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Keep in mind that The function of a healthy
brain is to enable us to respond to continuous
Internal and external stimuli in a manner that
ensures our survival.
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Lets take a look 7- Step Process of mental
function
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The function of a healthy brain is to enable us
to respond to continuous stimuli in a
manner that ensures our survival.
Step One (1)A stimulus occurs The stimulus may
be a thought, dream, something you see, hear,
smell, taste, touch, etc.) Our brain is
continuously bombarded by stimuli
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Stimuli are constantly bombarding us How many
stimuli is Katniss experiencing in this scene
from Hunger Games?
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Step Two (2) We give meaning to the
stimulus. (Whats our interpretation or
perception of the stimulus?) What makes human
being so different from one another? We dont
all interpret stimuli the same
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Whats your perception of the following stimuli?
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Step Three (3) Emotional Response (Are you
indifferent, sad, anxious, scared, happy?) The
emotion you feel depends on your interpretation
(perception) of the stimulus. Examples?
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Step Four (4) Your brain immediately releases
chemicals (neurotransmitters) in response to
the emotion (dopamine, endorphins, serotonin,
acetylcholine, epinephrine...)
This chemical release is necessary in order to
trigger the physiological changes that will
follow. The amount released is relative to the
intensity of the emotion. Re-uptake of the
neurotransmitter occurs after the release.
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How neurotransmitters work
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Step Five (5) A physiological response results
from the release of neurotransmitters
(heart rate, breathing, muscle tension,
salivation, relaxation, etc)
Keep in mind that the physiological response is
not directly in your control!
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Step Six (6) A behavioral response
occurs (running, thinking, speaking, moving,
lifting, eating, laughing, yelling, whispering,
grinning, squinting, turning, flinching, etc.)
Even though you may not be able to control your
physiological response in step 5, your behavioral
response is often a matter of choice.
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Step Seven (7) Outcome
Do you respond to the stimulus effectively?
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Lets look at the example in your packet
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STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light
ahead turn yellow.
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• STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light
  ahead turn yellow.
• MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow
  light means she has
• to prepare to stop.

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• STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light
  ahead turn yellow.
• MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow
  light means she has
• to prepare to stop.
• EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a
  sense of urgency.

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• STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light
  ahead turn yellow.
• MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow
  light means she has
• to prepare to stop.
• EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a
  sense of urgency.
• CHEMICAL 4. Marys adrenal glands release a
  small bit of adrenaline
• RELEASE and cortisone her brain releases
  a small bit of endorphins.

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• STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light
  ahead turn yellow.
• MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow
  light means she has
• to prepare to stop.
• EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a
  sense of urgency.
• CHEMICAL 4. Marys adrenal glands release a
  small bit of adrenaline
• RELEASE and cortisone her brain releases
  a small bit of endorphins.
• PHYSIO- 5. Marys muscles become tense and
  heart speeds up a
• LOGICAL small bit in response to the
  release of neurotransmitters
• RESPONSE
• .

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• STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light
  ahead turn yellow.
• MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow
  light means she has
• to prepare to stop.
• EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a
  sense of urgency.
• CHEMICAL 4. Marys adrenaline glands release a
  small bit of adrenaline
• RELEASE and cortisone her brain releases
  a small bit of endorphins.
• PHYSIO- 5. Marys muscles become tense and
  heart speeds up a
• LOGICAL small bit in response to the
  release of neurotransmitters
• RESPONSE
• BEHAVIOR 6. Mary raises her right foot from the
  gas pedal and switches
• RESPONSE over to the brake. She focusses on
  the light and intersection.

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• STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light
  ahead turn yellow.
• MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow
  light means she has
• to prepare to stop.
• EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a
  sense of urgency.
• CHEMICAL 4. Marys adrenaline glands release a
  small bit of adrenaline
• RELEASE and cortisone her brain releases
  a small bit of endorphins.
• PHYSIO- 5. Marys muscles become tense and
  heart speeds up a
• LOGICAL small bit in response to the
  release of neurotransmitters
• RESPONSE
• BEHAVIOR 6. Mary raises her right foot from the
  gas pedal and switches
• RESPONSE over to the brake. She focusses on
  the light and intersection.
• OUTCOME 7. Mary successfully stops at the red
  light.

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As a class Jennifer is in English class. She
has 20 minutes to complete an activity with the
use of a Chrome Book. She takes one of the Chrome
Books made available by the teacher and turns it
on then waits for everything to load. When the
log in screen appears she enters her user name
and password then clicks enter. Nothing happens.
She clicks again. Nothing happens. She figures
that everything didnt load properly. She becomes
a bit anxious and annoyed. Her chest tightens
and fills with a larger amount of air than
usual. But, shes pretty sure she knows what to
do. She presses control-alt-delete
simultaneously to re-start the computer, waits a
few moments for everything to re-load, then
enters her credentials again. Just as she had
hoped, she was able to get logged on and was able
to begin her work.
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Number the series of events (1-7) as they follow
the order of the mental health process.
____Jennifer gets logged on and is able to
begin her work ____Jennifer feels her chest
tighten and fills with a big breath of air
____Jennifer feels a bit anxious and annoyed
____Jennifer brain releases a neurotransmitter
in response to her anxiousness and
annoyance ____Jennifer figures everything
didnt load properly ____Jennifer clicks
enter after logging on and nothing happens
____Jennifer re-starts the computer
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On your own Complete the example for the tardy
bell ringing..
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Emotions and their Significance
Match each emotion to its description
Six Basic Emotions 2._____Sadness 3._____Anger 4
._____Scared 5._____Happiness 6._____Indifference
7._____Compassion
a. An emotion that most often arises when one has
a need that is not met or that has been
violated. Related emotions are frustration,
bitterness, resentment, jealousy, livid. b. An
emotion most often arising when one relates to
the needs of others and aims to care for others
in a nurturing, caring manner. Related emotions
are affection, empathy, sympathy. c. An emotion
experienced when one perceives that s/he is being
threatened. Related emotions are fear, timid,
shy, terror, dread, horror, fright, anxiety, and
foreboding d. The lack of an overt emotional
response to a stimulus. The stimulus doesnt
impact the person in a manner that elicits an
observable emotion. e. An emotion that allows
internal grief to surface. A person has lost
something, is missing something, or feels
rejected. Related emotions are despair, forlorn,
misery, anguish, gloom, dejected, despondent, and
unhappy. f. A person feels this emotion when
his/her needs are being met or s/he is pleased
with the outcome of an event. Related emotions
are content, glad, joyful, cheerful, glee, bliss,
delight.
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Emotions and their Significance
Emotions are important for four reasons
a. effective non verbal and verbal
communication
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Emotions and their Significance
Emotions are important for four reasons
a. effective non verbal and verbal
communication b. build healthy
relationships
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Emotions and their Significance
Emotions are important for four reasons
a. effective non verbal and verbal
communication b. build healthy
relationships c. for the safety
of yourself and others
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Emotions and their Significance
Emotions are important for four reasons
a. effective non verbal and verbal
communication b. build healthy
relationships c. for the safety
of yourself and others d.
self-awareness
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Place the following modes of communication in
order for most reliable to least reliable means
of determining the emotion someone is
experiencing
Facial expressions
words
Tone of voice
actions
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Emotional Intelligence
What is it? Ted Talk
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Emotional Intelligence
What is it? The capacity of a person
to understand himself and others in a manner that
fosters trust and respect in relationships.
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Emotional Intelligence
Why is it important? Emotional intelligence
leads to positive outcomes in personal, family,
and career relationships.
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Stress
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The 7 Steps Apply
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• 1. Stimulus (stressor)
• 2. You interpret the stimulus as either
• a. Demanding (Youre required to confront
  or avoid)
• b. Threatening (Youre required to fight or
  flee)
• 3. Emotional response
• a. anxiety (if stressor is demanding)
• b. fear (if stressor is threatening)
• 4. Brain releases
• a. endorphins (natural pain killer)
• Adrenal glands release
• a. cortisone (inhibits swelling/inflammation
  )
• b. adrenaline (activates an increase in
  power/energy)
• 5. Physiological response
• a. Heart rate respiration sweat
  production muscle tension
• blood sugar, hyper alertness,
  constriction or dilation of blood vessels
• 6. Behavioral response
• a. fight (do you confront/face the stressor
  head on?)
• b. flight (do you flee/avoid the stressor?)
• 7. Outcome Do you survive or perform?

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The pituitary and hypothalamus glands of the
brain are the primary releasers of endorphins.
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Cortex releases cortisol, also known as
cortisone.
The medulla releases norepinephrine, also known
of as adrenaline
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• In a modern/industrialized world, most
  stressors we face are of the demanding type.

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In a war-torn or less civilized area a higher
percentage of stressors that peopleface are
threatening.
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• Video clip

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How Do I Reduce my Stressors? (remember
the 4 Ps..)
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1. Change your Perspective

• Try to change the way you view situations
  (step 2) that you usually perceive to be
  threatening or demanding.

4 Ps of Stress Management
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2. Begin to Prioritize
If you are facing many demands, take care of the
most important demands first. You may think of
them in terms of A, B, and C priorities.

• 4 Ps of Stress Management

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My priorities today

• A study for Mondays quiz
• A babysit at 600 for the neighbors
• B take a shower tonight
• B watch my favorite show at 900
• C check my facebook site for messages
• C load some new pictures to facebook

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3. Purge some of the stressors from your life.
Are there any stressors that you can get rid of?

• 4 Ps of Stress Management

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4. Plan out a strategy for managing your daily
stressors.
Make check lists, set an alarm to remind yourself
of important timelines, keep a calendar
with you to record commitments, plan out
segments of time during the day.
4 Ps of Stress Management
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Defense Mechanisms
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What are they?Why do people use them?

• What? Defense mechanisms occur when we
  subconsciously use protective thoughts or
  behaviors during the behavioral response.
• Why? We use defense mechanism when we are
  afraid of people, situations, or things.

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• Defense mechanisms can be
• 1. Harmful, because they keep a
• person from learning how to
• accept the reality of a situation and/or
  
• express emotions.
• 2. A typical response a person has
• to an emotion/issue he is not
• prepared to handle.

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• Denial
• Refusing to accept and address the reality of the
  situation.

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Denial

• I dont have a drinking problem
• (when the reality is that drinking is causing
  many problems in the persons life and
  relationships..)

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Denial

• I didnt do it!
• (when the reality is that the person did do it
  and is afraid to face the consequences..)

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Denial

• Not My Son!
• (The reality is that the persons son was
  involved in an illegal incident along with his
  friends but when confronted about it the parent
  refuses to believe it..)

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Rationalization

• Creating excuses for a situation instead of
  admitting the reality of the situation.

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Rationalization

• The reason I drink is because of my stressful
  job!
• (when the reality is that the persons drinking
  would be a problem even if the person was laid
  off or unemployed)

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Rationalization

• I failed the test because the teacher didnt
  tell us there was one.
• (when the reality is that the person knew about
  the test but didnt study/or understand the
  material)

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Rationalization

• I didnt make the team because I was sick the
  day I tried out
• (The reality is that the persons skills still
  wouldnt have been good enough to make the team
  even if he hadnt been sick on the day of
  tryouts.)

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Displacement

• Redirecting your response to a situation toward
  someone who was totally uninvolved with the
  situation.

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Displacement

• Get out of my way!
• (Directing anger toward someone walking by you
  when youre angry with someone else)

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Displacement

• I love you sweety!
• (Someone just made you feel very happy but you
  dont feel comfortable responding to them so you
  express your delight toward the next friend you
  see)

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Displacement

• Youre always on my case. Leave me alone!
• (The person is mad about how friends are treating
  him/her but takes it out on a parent who reminds
  him that its time to do his homework.)

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Repression

• Not allowing yourself to remember or think about
  a previous traumatic life event.

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Repression

• The person was abused as a youngster but has no
  memory of it.

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Repression

• As a youngster a person witnessed a murder but
  has no recollection of it.

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Regression

• Dealing with a situation with immature, childlike
  behavior instead of age-appropriate behavior.

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Regression

• Ex. A teenager reverts to baby talk when talking
  to an intimidating adult

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Regression

• Ex. A potty-trained toddler begins wetting his
  pants and needing a diaper when a new baby comes
  home.

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Regression

• Ex. Dad acts like one of the kids when trouble
  happens instead of addressing the issue as the
  parent.

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Avoidance

• Staying away from a situation that causes you to
  feel threatened or uncomfortable.

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Avoidance

• Phone rings If its Jim tell him
  
• Im not here
• (the reality is that the person doesnt feel
  comfortable talking to Jim)

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Avoidance

• Ex You did something wrong that made someone mad
  and now you stay away from the person.

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Avoidance

• Ex You dont come to school because youre
  scared to have to give a presentation.

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Reaction Formation

• Expressing an emotion youre comfortable showing
  people rather than the one youre truly feeling.

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Reaction Formation

• Thats so funny!
• (The reality is that youre really upset at how
  someones being treated by a bully but laugh so
  that you dont get picked on, too)

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Reaction Formation

• Its no big deal
• (You act indifferent when the reality is that
  youre really scared/worried about the situation)

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Reaction Formation

• Ex Youre really nervous about a situation to
  the point of being petrified but you crack up
  laughing about it.

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Compensation

• Making up for a situation you feel guilty about
  or that you failed at.

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Compensation

• Pick out anything you want, honey
• (A parent feels guilty about not spending time
  with his child so buys him whatever he wants)

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Compensation

• You look great!
• (A girl feels guilty for talking behind someones
  back so gives the person a compliment next time
  she sees the person)

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Compensation

• Hey, did you hear the one about.?hee hee
• (A kid feels everyone must think hes dumb since
  he has no clue whats going on in math class so
  instead he gets positive attention during class
  by telling jokes)

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Projection

• Labeling someone to be the same as you when
  youre uncomfortable with your label and need to
  feel that youre not alone.

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Projection

• You are so fat!
• (The reality is that a person views herself as
  fat and feels better about herself when she tells
  other people that they are fat.)

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Projection

• You are beautiful!
• A girl feels so good about her own looks that she
  wants others to feel the same way.

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Projection

• I know youre cheating on me!
• (the reality is that the accuser is the one whos
  cheating and accuses his partner of cheating in
  order to feel better about himself)

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Projection

• You will never amount to anything!
• (the reality is the person delivering this
  message feels like a loser and wants the other
  person to feel the same way, too.