The Body

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The Body
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What are body systems?

• Body Systems-a group of organs that work together
  to complete a specific task in the body

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Body Systems

• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Digestive
• Endocrine
• Nervous

• Excretory
• Respiratory
• Circulatory
• Reproductive
• Immune/Lymphatic

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Skeletal System

• Collection of bones
• Skeletal functions
• Gives body shape
• Provides support
• Provides protection for
• vital organs
• Produces blood cells
• As a child 350 bones
• Adult 206 bones

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Muscular system

• Muscles main job is to provide movement and
  function.
• 3 types of muscles
• Cardiac muscle of the heart.
• Skeletal muscles attach to bone and provide
  movement of the body.
• More than 650 muscles
• Smooth Mostly in internal organs and digestive
  system

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Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles

• Voluntary
• Controlled by YOU
• Skeletal muscle
• Connected to 2 bones
• Work in pairs
• Contract/Relax from impulses from nervous system

• Involuntary
• Muscles work without conscious effort
• Smooth and Cardiac Muscle
• Controlled by the nervous system
• Perform daily functions to keep you alive.

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Digestive System

• Series of organs which digests food.
• Digestion is the breakdown of food into the
  smallest parts.
• Tracing the organs
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Food dissolved and absorbed through the walls to
  be used by body
• Wastes are moved through large intestine and out
  of body

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Endocrine System

• A group of glands and hormones thats main job is
  to regulate growth and development.
• Gland group of cells that gives off chemical
  messenger
• Hormone Chemical messenger
• Hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland.
  (switch)
• The pituitary gland is the Master Gland
• Regulates all other glands in system.

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Respiratory System

• Brings oxygen in and lets carbon dioxide out of
  the body
• The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon
  dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into
  the lungs (like a vacuum). As the diaphragm
  contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place.
• contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs.
• relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the
  lungs.

• Air flow
• Mouth/nose
• Trachea
• 2 Bronchi (bronchitis)
• Bronchial Tubes
• Lungs
• Alveoli (air filled sacs that have capillaries)
• Oxygen and Carbon dioxide exchanged.
• Oxygen to blood, Carbon dioxide out of the body

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Circulatory System

• Your bodys internal transport system which moves
  blood through the body
• The four main parts of the system are the
• 1) heart
• 2) arteries
• 3) capillaries
• 4) veins

• Heart pumps oxygenated blood to body
• Arteries Blood flow carries nutrients and oxygen
  to body tissues in arteries
• Veins Blood flow carries waste products back to
  heart
• Capillaries Exchange oxygen and waste products
  at body tissues

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Nervous System

• Bodys control center and communications network.
  
• Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
• Brain acts as a central computer.
• Brain uses spinal cord and nerves to send
  messages back and forth to different parts of the
  body.
• EX. Message from hot stove comes into the brain,
  the brain sends a message back to tell you to
  move your hand.

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Nervous System Components

• Spinal Cord
• About 18 inches long and ¾ inches thick
• Spans from base of the brain down the spine
• Nerves
• Branch off the spinal cord
• All shapes and sizes
• Relay messages to specific places.

• The Brain
• Weighs about 3 lbs
• Sends messages that governs body functions
• Has a part in almost everything your body does.

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Excretory System

• Definition removes harmful wastes from your body
  and maintains the bodys water and salt balance
• Parts ureter (tube that carries urine from
  kidneys to the bladder), bladder, and urethra
• Kidneys core organs
• act as a filter
• all of the blood in your body passes through the
  kidneys
• key players in the hydration (water) levels for
  your body
• The excretory system is a close partner with both
  the circulatory and endocrine system.

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Immune/Lymphatic System

• Lymphatic System-a network of vessels that carry
  a clear fluid called lymph throughout the body
• Lymph-the clear, yellowish fluid that leaks from
  capillaries, fills the spaces around the bodys
  cells. Lymph distributes immune cells and other
  factors throughout the body.

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Lymph Nodes and Spleen

• The human spleen is an organ that creates
  lymphocytes for the destruction and recycling of
  old red-blood cells.
• The spleen is also the location where white blood
  cells trap organisms.

• Two main functions
• Maintenance of fluid balance in the internal
  environment.
• Immunity
• The lymph nodes play an important part in the
  body's fight against infection. They act as a
  biological filter, cleaning out microorganisms
  from the fluids that pass through them.

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Immune System

• Leukocytes
• Phagocytes, cells that chew up invading organisms
  
• lymphocytes, cells that allow the body to
  remember and recognize previous invaders and help
  the body destroy them

• A network of tissues, organs, and cells that
  fight pathogens protection from disease
• Defense Team
• Leukocytes
• Antigens

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Lymphocytes

• Lymphocytes
• B lymphocytes are like the body's military
  intelligence system, seeking out their targets
  and sending defenses to lock onto them.
• T cells are like the soldiers, destroying the
  invaders that the intelligence system has
  identified.

• Antigens are foreign substances that invade the
  body
• These cells trigger the B lymphocytes to produce
  antibodies
• The T cells are part of the system that destroys
  antigens that have been tagged by antibodies

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Reproductive System

• A system of organs which work together for the
  purpose of reproduction.
• MALE ORGANS testes, penis, seminal vesicles,
  prostate, and urethra
• FEMALE ORGANS ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus,
  vagina, and vulva.

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The 5 Senses

• Vision
• Hearing
• Balance
• Smell Taste
• Touch

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The Anatomy of the Eye
Your eyes respond to the stimulus of light.
They convert that stimulus into impulses that
your brain interprets.

• Cornea- clear tissue that covers the front of the
  eye
• Pupil- the opening through which light enters the
  eye
• Iris- a circular structure that surrounds the
  pupil and regulates the amount
• of light entering the eye
• Lens-flexible structure that focuses on light
• Retina- layer of receptor cells that lines the
  back of the eye

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Farsightedness/Nearsightedness

• Farsightedness is greater difficulty seeing
  close up objects.
• Nearsightedness is the inability to focus
  clearly upon distant objects.
• Glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery
  can all be used to correct both problems.
  Nearsightedness can be corrected with the new
  Lasik surgery.