REMEMBERING 2O10

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REMEMBERING 2O10S FLOODS Heavy rainfall
causes record flooding around the world
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster
Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA
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FLOODS

• PORTUGAL (MADEIRA)
• RUSSIA (SIBERIA, KAZAKHSTAN)
• NORTH DAKOTA, MINNESOTA, TENNESSEE
• BRAZIL
• POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY,
• CHINA-NORTH KOREA
• PAKISTAN

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IMPACTED NATIONS

• Madeira (Portugal), Russia, USA (North Dakota,
  Minnesota, Tennessee), Brazil, POLAND, HUNGARY,
  GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, China , Pakistan, North
  Korea,

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SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010

• Millions evacuated.
• Millions of homes inundated, without power,
  damaged or destroyed.
• Landslides triggered by heavy, prolonged
  rainfall.

• Lives and livelihoods of millions adversely
  affected.
• Millions at risk from water-borne diseases

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SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 (Continued)

• Homes and Infrastructure damaged or destroyed.
• Health care needs related to water-borne
  disasters increase sharply.

• Tens of billions in insured and uninsured
  economic losses.
• Thousands dead

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FLASH FLOODS TRIGGER MUDSLIDES IN THE MADEIRA
ISLANDS, PORTUGAL

• AT LEAST 42 DEAD
• FEBRUARY 20-21, 2010

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LOCATION OF MADEIRA
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WHAT HAPPENED? The worst storm to hit Madeira
since 1993 lashed the south of the Atlantic Ocean
island, including the capital, Funchal, Saturday,
turning some streets into torrents of mud, water
and debris.
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WHAT HAPPENED (continued) The flash floods were
so powerful they carved paths down mountains and
ripped through the city, churning under some
bridges and tearing others down.
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FEBRUARY 21 FLASH FLOOD
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FEBRUARY 21
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FLOODS IN RUSSIA

• SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES
  FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA
• MARCH 2010

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LOCATION MAP SHOWING THE THREE GREAT SIBERIAN
RIVERS
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The Ob River, the country's fourth longest river
and the longest estuary in the world, is a major
river in western Siberia.
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The Yenisei River, which drains a large portion
of central Siberia, is the greatest river system
flowing northward to the Arctic Ocean.
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The Lena River is the easternmost of the three
great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic
Ocean (the other two being the Ob River and the
Yenisei river) is the 10th longest river in the
world.
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Weather reports warned of "catastrophic" flooding
in Siberia, where river ice was up to several
meters thick, and rivers flowing northward
routinely surge with melting water.
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FLOODING IN SIBERIA
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FLOODING IN KAZAKHSTAN
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NORTH DAKOTA-MINNESOTA EXPERIENCE A NEAR-RECORD
FLOOD DISASTER AGAIN

• 2009S RECORD FLOOD STAGE APPROACHED, BUT
  UNBROKEN
• MARCH 15 - 30, 2010

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REASONS FOR FLOODING

• THE ANNUAL FLOODING THREAT TO FARGO, ND AND
  MOORHEAD, MN IS TRIGGERED BY
• 1) The Spring melt and runoff , AFTER
• 2) A severe Winter.

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SCIENTIFIC REASONS FOR RECURRING FLOOD DISASTERS
IN THE AREA

1. Synchrony of river discharge with Spring runoff
2. Ice jams

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SCIENTIFIC REASONS FOR RECURRING FLOOD DISASTERS
IN THE AREA

• Lake Agassiz, a glacial lake, is the floodplain
  of the Red River
• A sharp decrease in river gradient makes the
  Fargo-Moorhead area act like a large lake.

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2010 RAPID MELT AND RUNOFF
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THE SPIDER WAS USED TO MAKE 5,000 SANDBAGS PER
HOUR
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HALSTAD, MN 4 FT BELOW 2009S RECORD OF 40.5 FT
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FARGO, ND THE RED RIVER CRESTS 4 FT BELOW
RECORD ON MARCH 21
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REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS PLAN A 10-YEAR, 1.3 BILLION
FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT

• A 60 KM (36-MILE) LONG NEW RIVER CHANNEL IS
  EXPECTED TO SOLVE THE RECURRING THREAT

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FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES PARALYZE BRAZIL

• WORST IN 50 YEARS
• APRIL 7, 2010

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RIO DE JANEIRO WIDE SPREAD INUNDATION
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10,000 homes, mostly in the slums where one-fifth
of Rio's people live in shacks that are
vulnerable to heavy rains, were also severely
impacted by mudslides
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RECORD FLOODING IN NASHVILLE, TN AREA

• MAY 1-4, 2010

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Flooding after 2 days of intense rain has left
the city of Nashville and the surrounding area
with a record 33 cm (13 in) of water in two
days.
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The Cumberland River crested Monday afternoon,
May 3rd, at 3 ½ m above flood stage.
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The flash floods caught the city off-guard, and
thousands of residents and tourists were forced
to flee homes and hotels as the Cumberland river
rapidly spilled over its banks
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CUMBERLAND RIVER FLOODS INDUSTRIAL PARK
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INTERSTATE HIGHWAY I-24 FLOODED
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TEMPORARY SCHOOL BUILDING FLOATS DOWN I-24
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FAILURE OF RAILROAD BRIDGE
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FLOODING AT OPRYLAND HOTEL
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EVACUATION FROM OPRYLAND RESORT HOTEL
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The Impacts150 roads impassableOpryland and
other hotels evacuatedBusiness
interruptionSchools and universities closedFuel
shortagesWater shortagesOver 1 billion
economic loss.
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RIVERS BURST BANKS AND BREACH DAMS IN CENTRAL
EUROPE AFTER WEEKS OF RAIN

• POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC,
• MAY JUNE, 2010

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The heaviest rains in over a decade forced
thousands along rain swollen rivers in Poland,
Germany, and Hungary to evacuate from their
homes, breached dikes and sand bag dams, and
caused damage to homes, and infrastructure
estimated at over 2.5 billion.
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POLAND
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POLAND AND VISTULA RIVER
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VISLA RIVER
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INUNDATED VILLAGE
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DIKE BREACHED NEAR VILLAGE OF SWINIARY
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ODER RIVER GERMANY
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DANUBE RIVER SOUTHERN GERMANY JUNE 3
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MASS EVACUATION
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SAVING A HORSE
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SAVING CATTLE MAY 17
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RAIN AND FLOODING FROM A SERIES OF STORMS TESTS
CHINAS THREE GORGES DAM AGAIN

• TEST 1 JUNE - JULY 2007
• TEST 2 APRIL - JULY 2010

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IMPACTS OF 2010S FLOODS IN CHINA

• More than 1,400 people are believed to have been
  killed this year in unusually severe flooding in
  central and southern China.

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IMPACTS OF 2010S FLOODS IN CHINA

• An estimated 1.4 million homes were destroyed, 12
  million people evacuated, and 87,600 sq km (22
  million acres) of crops ruined.

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CHINAS GRANDEST PROJECT SINCE THE GREAT WALL
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THREE GORGES DAM

• The Three Gorges Dam is located in Central
  China's Hubei Province, 600 miles southwest of
  Beijing.
• It replaced Brazil's Itaipu Dam as the world's
  largest hydroelectric and flood-control
  installation.

• After 13 years of work and 35 million cubic
  yards of concrete, the dam reached its full
  height of 190 m (606 ft) and width of 2,309 m
  (7,575 ft) across the Yangtze River on May 19,
  2006.

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2010

• The floods hit 13 provinces, including Guangdong,
  Sichuan and Zhejiang, damaging more than 140,000
  homes and affecting more than 10 million people.

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SWOLLEN RIVERS IN 2010

• Virtually all of the major rivers were swollen,
  while water levels in lakes along the mighty
  Yangtze River were higher than in 1998, when
  catastrophic flooding killed about 4,000 people.

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YANGTZE RIVER FLOODS JUNE 10
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THREE GORGES DAM HAS PASSED TWO TESTS
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NORTHWEST PAKISTAN (AND AFGHANISTAN) HIT BY
FLASH FLOODS AFTER PROLONGED MONSOON RAINS

• JULY 28-AUGUST 22, 2010
• NOTE Aug 12th is first day of Ramadan

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ONE-FIFTH OF PAKISTAN AFFECTED
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2010s Summer floods from monsoon rains were
typical and expected, but they were the worst in
80 years and set new records.
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Monsoon rains swelled rivers and streams across
Pakistan and set flooding records in the
province of KhyberPakhtunkhwa, parts of the
Pakistan-administered Kashmir region, and the
eastern province of Punjab.
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The United Nations announced Saturday, July 31,
that they would provide 10 million dollars for
immediate emergency assistance and would appeal
for 460 million in international emergency
assistance for food, water, health care, and
shelter.

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The USA provided 60 million for immediate
emergency assistance along with Navy and Marine
helicopters, rescue boats, water filtration
units, prefabricated steel bridges and thousands
of packaged meals, which Pakistani soldiers
tossed from helicopters
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LOSS OF INFRASTRUCTURE HINDERED EVACUATION
EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE
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The survival of some of the poorest of the poor
living in the districts of Nowshera, Charsadda,
Peshawar, Swat, and Lower Dir became problematic
because of the extent and catastrophic nature of
the floods.
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Over 1,500 died (and probably many more) and more
than 20 million were impacted as rains swelled
rivers, inundated villages, and triggered
landslides, causing entire villages, roads, and
bridges to be swept away, isolating thousands,
and leaving 6 million homeless.
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DERA ISMAIL KHAN INUNDATED
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THOUSANDS OF MUD BRICK HOMES COLLAPSED
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SOME LIVESTOCK WERE SAVED, BUT THOUSANDS DROWNED
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SEEKING HIGHER GROUND
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EVACUATION CARRYING SELECTED POSSESSIONS
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EVACUATION A DIFFICULT TASK
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The people complained that the government was not
meeting the urgent need for adequate temporary
shelters, toilets, and clean drinking water to
avert a public health catastrophe.
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PROTESTERS NOWSHERA
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TEMPORARY SHELTER
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30,000 Pakistani troops used helicopters and
other means to rescue 28,000 people and to
distribute water and food.
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NOWSHERA PAKISTANI ARMY DISTRIBUTING WATER
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FOOD LINE IN PUNJAB PROVINCE AUGUST 20
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FLOODS STRIKE COMMUNITIES NEAR CHINA-NORTH KOREA
BORDER

• AUGUST 20-22, 2010

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Flooding forced the evacuation of 94,000 people
in the north China port city of Dandong, an area
near the boundary with North Korea, after heavy
rains caused Chinas Yalu River to breach its
banks.
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Near Sinuiju, the North Korean city opposite
Dandong, flooding swamped houses, public
buildings and farmland in more than five villages.
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SINUIJU, NORTH KOREA INUNDATION BY ANNOK (YALU )
RIVER