Fruits and Seeds

1
Parts of the Flower (angiosperms)
2
(No Transcript)
3
(No Transcript)
4
Petal- Petals are used to attract insects into
the flower, they may have guidelines on them and
be scented. Stigma- Is covered in a sticky
substance that the pollen grains will adhere to.
Style- The style raises the stigma away from
the Ovary to decrease the likelihood of pollen
contamination. It varies in length.
5
Ovary- This protects the ovule and once
fertilization has taken place it will become the
fruit. Ovule- The Ovule is like the egg in
animals and once fertilization has taken
place will become the seed.
6
Flower stalk- Gives support to the flower and
elevates the flower for the insects. Nectary-
This is where a sugary solution called nectar
is held to attract insects. Sepal- Sepals
protect the flower whilst the flower is
developing from a bud.
7

• Filament-
• This is the stalk of the Anther.
• Anther-
• The Anthers contain pollen sacs.
• The sacs release pollen on to the outside of the
  anthers that brush against insects on entering
  the flowers.
• Once the pollen is deposited on the insect..it is
  transferred to the stigma of another flower.
• The ovule is then able to be fertilized.

8
(No Transcript)
9
Male Parts Female Parts
Stamen Anther Filament Pistil Ovary Stigma Ovule Style
10
2 Types of flowers Perfect vs. Imperfect
a flower that has either all male parts or all
female parts
Imperfect-
EX cucumbers, pumpkin, and melons
a flower that has both male and female parts in
the same flower
Perfect-
EX roses, lilies, and dandelions
11
Take another look...
12
Fruits and Seeds
13
Fruits
14
From ovary to fruit

• The ovary of the flower contains the ovules.
• As fertilized ovules develop into seeds, the
  ovary wall develops into the fruit.
• In science, the term fruit refers to a mature
  ovary that contains seeds.

15
Fruit anatomy
16
Types of dry fruits
Capsule (Poppy)
Legume (Bean pod)
Achene (Sunflower)
Follicle (Columbine)
Silique (Money Plant)
Nut (Hazelnut)
17
Types of fleshy fruits
Drupe (Peach)
Pome (Apple)
Pepo (Cucumber)
Aggregate (Strawberry)
Multiple (Pineapple)
Berry (Tomato)
18
Fruit dispersal

• The form of the fruit gives clues about its
  dispersal.
• Small, dry fruits with wings or parachutes
  may be wind-dispersed. Fleshy fruits are often
  animal dispersed. Explosive fruits can fling
  seeds away. Floating fruits may be water
  dispersed.

19
How are these fruits dispersed?
Dandelion
Coconut
Maple
Cocklebur
Jewelweed
20
Thinking question

• Why must fruits be dispersed away from the parent
  plant?

21
Seeds
22
Ovule to seed
23
Mature Seed
24
Seed anatomy
25
Seed dormancy

• Seeds can remain dormant in the soil for long
  periods of time. Dormancy helps ensure that seeds
  only germinate when conditions are right.
• When we weed or cultivate a bare patch of soil,
  the weeds that sprout up immediately usually come
  from the seed bank already in the soil.

26
Breaking dormancy

• Seeds require moisture and the right temperature
  to germinate.
• In addition, some seeds germinate only after
  certain environmental signals
• Drying
• Temperature (period of cold or heat)
• Disruption of the seed coat

27
Thinking question

• What could be the advantage of waiting for each
  of these signals to germinate?
• Long period of cold
• High heat of a forest fire
• Drying out
• Disruption of the seed coat.

28
Germination monocot
29
Germination dicot
30

• Concept check
• Some students confuse pollination with fruit
  dispersal. Explain the difference.
• Some students confuse seed germination with plant
  growth. Explain the difference.