Grammar

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Unit 1

• Grammar

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Overview of tenses1present tenses

• Present tenses are used to talk about the present
  time. These tenses include
• simple present
• present continuous
• present perfect
• present perfect continuous

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simple present

• we use the simple present tense to talk about
  things that
• 1.I am at a comedy show.
• 2.The sun rises in the east.
• 3.The Academy Award show is on television
  every year.
• 4.Every time a prop comedian tells a joke, he
  or she uses a thing, called a prop.

are true now or are always true.
occur regularly
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1?????? 2??????? 3??????? 4???????
1.It seldom snows here.
2. He loves sports.
3.The sun rises in the east.
4.He is always ready to help others.
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Time marker usually always seldom often
sometimes frequently every day every week
on sundays
Note 1 1.He is always making trouble. 2.He is
constantly leaving his things about. 3.You are
always changing your mind.
Eg.???????
He is always thinking of others.
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Note 2 1.Itll be a long time before we
______(meet) again. 2.Even if it ______(rain)
tomorrow, well go. 3.Ill call on you unless it
______(rain) tomorrow. 4.Ill stay with you so
long as there_______(be) is a room free.
meet
rains
rains
is
???,??,??,???????,??? ??????????,?????,?? ?????
eg.???????,????
Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.
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Note 3 1.The plane takes off at 10
a.m.tomorrow. 2.We leave for Beijing next
week. 3.The film starts at 7 p.m. this
evening 4.My birthday is in two weeks time.
?????,??????, ?????????????
Eg. ???7?
The early bus leaves at 7 a.m.
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Note 4 1.Look! Here comes the bus! 2.There goes
the bell!
?here/there???????, ?????????????
1. The bus is coming here.
2.The bell is ringing
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present continuous

• We use the present continuous tense to talk about
  actions that
• 1.are happening or in progress now.
• are being planned now, but will happen in the
  future.
• 2.happen repeatedly, used with always,
  usually with a negative connotation.

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1?!??????? 2????????? 3??????
1.Look! The monkey is climbing the tree.
2.How are you getting on with your study?
3.You look lovely when you are smiling.
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---time marker now right now at present
at the present time for the moment these
days/years
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Note 1 1.How many of you are coming to the
party tonight? 2.A foreigner is giving a lecture
in English this afternoon.
1?????????????????? 2????????????????????
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present perfect

• We use the present perfect tense to talk about
  how the past and present are connected. We use it
  for
• 1. experiences that are repeated.
• 2.things that happened in the past, but have
  an effect on the present .
• 3.things that started in the past and are
  still happening now.

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• 1. experiences that are repeated
• ? He has hosted the show eight times.
• ? Bill Crystal has been in many films and
  television shows.
• 2. things that happened in the past, but have
  an effect on the present
• ? Doctors have found that people who laugh a
  lot live longer!
• ? Some stand-up comedians have became famous
  as television and film actors later on in life .

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• 3. things that started in the past and are
  still happening now.
• ? People have always enjoyed laughing .
• ? Comedians have always told jokes and
  performed comic acts.

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time marker ----already never ever
just before recently lately yet so
far by now up till now up to the
present for all the time sinceseveral
times
Sentence structures
Its the first/secondtime that?????
???????????????
Its the third time that I have explained the
language point.
I have explained the language points three
times so far.
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were
1.In the past there _________(be) no trees
in or around the village. 2.In the past three
weeks, I ___________ (not see) him.
havent seen
3.??????????????
Ill give my opinion after I have finished
reading the book.
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Correct the following sentences
1. He has arrived in China for 5 years.
??
been
2.He has joined the army for 5 years.
??
been in
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• Can you tell me the tenses of the next two
  sentences?
• 1. Doctors have been researching that question.
• 2.The curtains finally openthe audience have
  been waiting an hour for the show.
• We use the present perfect continuous tense
  to talk about actions that started in the past,
  have lasted up to now and will probably continue
  to happen.

present perfect continuous
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Exercise 1

• Finish the sentences by writing the correct forms
  of tenses.
• 1.I will tell her when he ______(come) tomorrow.
• 2.She ___________(measure) the hall.
• (???????)
• 3.I ____________ (not finish) reading the book
  yet, so I cant return it to the library.
• 4.The earth ______(move) round the sun.

comes
is measuring
havent finished
moves
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• 5. In the future I shall do as she ______.(say)
• 6.She was sleepless many nights. She
  __________(be) very tired and cant concentrate
  at all. So she decides to go to see the doctor.
• 7.As the city ___________ (have) many
  entertaining places to go, we treated the foreign
  friends to some real Chinese food.

says
has been
does not have
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lives
8.Ma Ling ________(live) in Shanghai, but she
___________(live) in Beijing at the moment. 9.A
big department store _________ (stand) in the
centre of the town. A girl __________(stand) at
the gate of the store. 10.I _________(leave) for
Shanghai this Monday. My plane________(leave)
at 9 in the morning. 11.I ____________(always
have) a cup of coffee in the morning, but I
_________________ (always forget) to wash the
cup afterwards.
is living
stands
is standing
am leaving
leaves
always have
am always forgetting