Knockout-Based Switches

1

• Chapter 6
• Knockout-Based Switches

2
Knockout Switch Interconnection Fabric
3
Knockout Switch Bus Interface
4
Operation of A Barrel Shifter
5
Concentrator Cell Loss Performance
6
(a) The 2x2 Contention Switch. (b) States of 2x2
Contention Switch
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An 8-Input to 4-Output Concentrator
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The 128-to-8 Concentrator Constructed from
32-to-8 Concentrator Chips
9
Illustration of Channel Grouping Principle
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An Asymmetric Switch with Line Expansion Ratio,
(K X M)/ N
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Maximum Throughput with K/N Kept Constant While K
,N ? ?
12
Maximum Throughput with (KxM)/N Kept Constant
While (KxM),N ? ?
13
A NXN Switch with Group Expansion Ratio, L
14
Cell Loss Probability of Generalized Knockout
Principle
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Cell Loss Probability with Different Group Sizes
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Group Expansion Ratio (L)
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Cell Loss Probability When Using the Generalized
Knockout Principle
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Ratio of the Number of Simultaneous Cells
Accepted to Group Size for Various Cell Loss
Probabilities
19
Group Network Structure
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Switch Element Operations
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Routing Example
22
Skew in the Switch Element Array
The delay through each switch element is one bit
time.
23
The Architecture of A Multicast Output Buffered
ATM Switch (MOBAS)
24
An Example of Replicating Cells for a Multicast
Connection in the MOBAS
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The Multicast Grouping Network (MGN)
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Switching Condition of the Switch Element (SWE)
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An Example of Routing a Multicast Cell
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Translation Tables in the IPC, MTT, and OPC
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(a) Unicast and Multicast Cell Formats in
MGN1(b) Unicast and Multicast Cell Formats in
MGN2
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Cell Loss Probability vs. The Group Expansion
Ration (L1) in MGN1
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Cell Loss Probability vs. The Group Expansion
Ration (L2) in MGN2
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An Example of Cell Loss Due to the Cross-Stuck at
SWE(4,3), Denoted CS(4,3)
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An Example of Cell Loss Due to the Toggle-Stuck
at SWE(4,2) Denoted TS(4,2)
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A Cell Loss Example Due to the Vertical
Stuck-at-1 or 0 at SWE(4,2), Denoted VS(4,2)
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A Cell Loss Example Due to a Horizontal
Stuck-at-1 or 0 at SWE(4,2), Denoted HS(4,2)
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Fault Location Test for a Toggle-Stuck SWE by
Forcing All SWEs to a Cross State
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Reconfiguration by Forcing a Toggle-Stuck
SWE(4,2) to a Cross State
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Fault Location Test for a Cross-Stuck SWE by
Moving the Square Block Around in the SWE Array
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Reconfiguration by Isolating a Faulty Column
Caused by a Vertical-Stuck SWE(4,2)
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Fault Location Test for a Horizontal-Stuck SWE by
Forcing the SWEs on the Faulty Row to a Toggle
State
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Reconfiguration by Isolating the Upper Column of
the Horizontal-Stuck SWE(4,2)
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Cell Loss Rate of Each Input Port After
Cross-Reconfiguration
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Cell Loss Rate of Each Input Port After Partial
Column Isolation