Living Things

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Climate Interactions
Table of Contents Human Activities and Climate
Change Ms. De Los Rios 6th Grade
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Vocabulary 7.6

• Ozone- A form of oxygen that has three oxygen
  atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two.
• Ozone Layer- The layer of the upper atmosphere
  that contains at higher concentration of ozone
  than the rest of the atmosphere.
• CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) Human-made gases
  containing chlorine and fluorine (CFCs) that are
  the main cause of ozone depletion.
• Greenhouse Gases- Gases in the atmosphere that
  trap energy.
• Fossil Fuel- Coal, oil, or natural gas that forms
  over millions of years from the remains of
  ancient organisms, burned to release energy.
• Global Warming- A gradual increase in the average
  temp. of the atmosphere, thought to be caused by
  an increase in greenhouse gases from human
  activities.

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How Does the Ozone Layer Protect Earth?

• Ozone is a form of oxygen that has three
  oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the
  usual two.
• Ozone in the atmosphere absorbs some
  of the harmful radiation from the sun.
• The ozone layer is a layer of the upper
  atmosphere.
• It is about 15 to 30 kilometers above Earths
  surface. Sunburn
• It protects people from the effects of too much
  U.V. radiation. Eye disease

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The Source of Ozone pg. 269 270

• Ozone is constantly being made and destroyed as
  part of the ozone cycle.
• The amount of ozone in the ozone layer is
  decreasing, creating an ozone hole.
• Scientists determined that the major cause
  of the ozone hole is a group of gases called
  CFCs.
• What is CFCs, or chlorofluorocarbons????
• CFCs are human-made gases that contain chlorine
  and fluorine.
• CFCs block the cycle in which ozone molecules
  absorb U.V. radiation.
• Where is this gas found?
• CFCs were used in many household products. (AC,
  aerosol sprays, dry cleaning)
• Most uses of CFCs were banned in 2000.
• Scientists predict that if the ban on
  ozone-depleting substances is maintained, the
  ozone layer will gradually recover.

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CFCs
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Human Activities and Climate Change pg. 270
Ozone Hole The ozone hole (shown in blue) is over
Antarctica. The hole has grown over time, but its
size varies seasonally and from year to year.
Mario José Molina and two other scientists won
the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1995 for their
theory that gases used in many household products
help create the hole.
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Human Activities and Climate Change pg. 269

• Ozone Cycle
• Ozone in the atmosphere is constantly being
  created and destroyed.
• Explain the ozone cycle in your own words. Then
  describe how ozone in the atmosphere protects
  life on Earth.
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ___________

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Greenhouse Effect pg. 271

• Art in Motion- Pearson
• (r. 1P)
• The sun warms Earths surface, and the heat is
  radiated back through Earths atmosphere to space
  as infrared waves.
• The atmosphere keeps Earths surface
  warm through the greenhouse effect.
• Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane,
  and water vapor absorb the heat leaving Earths
  surface.
• They make up only 1 percent of the atmosphere.
• Levels of Greenhouse Gases Many human activities
  are increasing the level of greenhouse gases in
  the atmosphere. This increase is causing global
  temperatures to rise.

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Human Activities and Climate Change pg. 271

• Figure 3 Greenhouse Effect
• Which word in the Word Bank completes each
  sentence?
• Then, describe how the structure of the
  atmosphere insulates Earth Through the greenhouse
  effect.
• _________________
• _________________
• _________________
• _________________

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Carbon Dioxide Levels pg. 272

• Levels of Greenhouse Gases Many
  human activities are increasing the level of
  greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This increase
  is causing global temperatures to rise.
• The most abundant greenhouse gas is carbon
  dioxide (CO2)
• Most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was
  released by human beings burning fossil fuels
  (energy-rich substances formed from the remains
  of organisms.)
• Over the last 120 years, the average temperature
  of the troposphere has increased 0.7C.
• This gradual increase in the temperature of
  Earths atmosphere is called global warming.
• Models of climate change predict that global
  temperatures will rise several degrees over the
  next hundred years.

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Human Activities and Climate Change pg. 272

• FIGURE 4 Carbon Dioxide Levels
• The graph shows the levels of carbon dioxide in
  the atmosphere over time.
• Describe what the level of
• Carbon dioxide was like 500 yrs. Ago?
• ______________________________
• 2. When did the biggest increase in
• Carbon dioxide levels occur? Why?
• ____________________________
• ____________________________
• ____________________________
• ____________________________

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Effects of Global Warming

• The effects of global warming include
  melting glaciers, rising sea levels, drought,
  desertification, changes to the biosphere, and
  regional changes in temperature.
• Global temperature changes affect regions
  differently.
• Rising global temperatures cause some regions to
  get very warm and dry.
• Severe droughts cause some lands to become
  deserts
• and this process leads to food shortages.
• Rising temperatures cause sea levels to rise
  because of melting glaciers
• and they upset the balance of organisms in some
  ecosystems as organisms are forced to move to new
  locations to find familiar climates.

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Human Activities and Climate Change pg. 273
FIGURE 5 Sea Level Rise The satellite image
shows how sea level rise could affect the eastern
United States. How would the sea level
prediction shown affect the people in Florida and
the rest of the eastern United States? __________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
______________________________________________
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Limiting Global pg. 274

• Solutions for limiting global
  warming include
• finding clean-renewable sources of energy
• (Solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, nuclear,
  and tidal energy)
• being more energy-efficient
• Clean power plants, factories run on steam,
  people practice energy-efficient habits (turn off
  lights, public transportation)
• and removing carbon from fossil fuel emissions
• Developing technologies to remove carbon dioxide
  and buried them underground
• All of these solutions are designed to reduce
  greenhouse gas emissions.
• Interactive Art