The Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution
Part I- Intro to the I.R. - A Global
Perspective
Part II- Intro to the I.R. Americas I.R.
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Part I- Intro to the I.R. A Global Perspective
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An Explosion of Power

• Arguably, the most important change in human
  history
• On a level with the discoveries of fire and
  farming
• Before
• Human, animal
• Occasionally, wind, water
• After
• Fossil fuels
• Human power increases literally millions-fold
• Fossil fuels, when discovered, seem to be
  unlimited

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Think About the Impact

• Things that you have that did not exist when your
  parents were your age
• Laptops
• Cell phones
• Cordless phones
• The Internet
• CDs
• Pre- I.R., kids have the same things as
  parents/grandparents
• In 1700 A.D., farmers were still using the same
  type of tools that were used in Roman times (0
  A.D.)

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Societal Transformation

• Transportation/Communication
• Train, electric streetcar in the cities,
  telegraph, telephone
• 2. Urbanization
• Why?
• Machines, coal/oil, and raw materials need to be
  centralized ? factories
• Factories need workers and consumers ? cities
• Rural folk flood to cities to find jobs ?
  urbanization
• Farming became more efficient, less need for
  farmers
• What percent of your families produce food for a
  living?

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Societal Transformation (cont.)

• 3. Mechanization of Production
• The Factory System
• Results
• Jobs are located outside the home
• Jobs pay wages
• Efficiency of Production leads to lower priced
  goods
• Increase in shoppers
• Overcrowding in cities
• Pollution

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Part II- Intro to the I.R. Americas I.R.
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The Market Revolution- A change in the way
American goods are made, bought, and sold.
Causes 1. Rise of Manufacturing
(making of products by machinery) - increased
production - Rise of factories - Invention of
the Assembly Line by Ford Motors 2. Free
Enterprise System - American economic system
based on private ownership - Limited Government
involvement - Rewards innovation efficiency -
Leads to the creation of new industries, jobs,
and wealth
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3. Banking Industry - Individuals need money to
invest in industry - Leads to increase in number
of banks - Banks loaned money to individuals to
encourage growth - Banks make money by
charging interest - Not regulated by the
government
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Effects
Same as Europe, AND 1. North/South Divide
(South remains mostly un-industrialized) 2. Lack
of bank regulation leads to instability 3.
Surplus of products leads to increased trade with
foreign nations -American will increasingly be a
presence on the world stage, largely to protect
its trade interests 4. Farmers face debt
(decreasing prices high cost of transportation
on railroads)
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Other Uniquely American Attributes

• HUGE supply of fossil fuels
• Texas oil boom
• Reverence for the self-made man ? tons of
  inventors
• Eli Whitney- cotton gin
• William Jenney- Skyscraper
• Alexander Graham Bell- Telephone
• Robert Fulton- steam boat