Neurons And Hippocampus

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Neurons And Hippocampus

• By Garrett Carpenter

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Hippocampus/ Neuron Intro

• The definition of neurons is brain cells that
  manifest all properties of the mind. Neurons
  send and receive information. Not all neurons
  look the same. The fact that they send and
  receive information one of the few
  characteristics they share. The reason being
  that they come in different shapes and sizes.
• The word hippocampus comes from the Greek word
  hippo meaning horse and the other Greek word
  meaning sea monster. It plays an important role
  in long-term memory and spatial navigation.

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Hippocampus

• The hippocampus is very closely related to the
  cerebral cortex. It is like it because it is
  paired structure with the two equal sides on both
  the left and right sides of the brain. It is
  located inside the medial temporal lobe beneath
  the cortical surface.

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Neurons

• The study of neurons can be classified as ne plus
  ultra or the quantum mechanics of biology. They
  can conduct distinct signals as electro-chemical
  pulses. These are known as action potentials or
  spikes.

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Hippocampus

• Its curved shape reminded early anatomists of the
  horns of a ram or a seahorse. The name was given
  to this part of the brain by a sixteenth century
  anatomists Julius Caesar Aranzi .

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More Information on Neurons

• Neurons are like the core components of the
  nervous system which is the brain, spinal cord,
  and the peripheral Ganglia. A ganglion is a
  biological mass of tissue and is usually a mass
  of nerve cell bodies. A number of specialized
  types of neurons exist sensory neurons respond
  to touch, sound, and light and numerous other
  stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs
  that then send signals to the spinal cord and
  brain.

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More Information on Neurons cont

• Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and
  s spinal cord and cause muscle contractions and
  affect glands. Interneuron's connect neurons to
  other neurons within the same region of the brain
  or spinal cord.

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More Hippocampus Info.

• When you have Alzheimer's disease, your
  hippocampus is one of the first components of the
  brain affected. Memory loss and disorientation
  are among the first symptoms. Your hippocampus
  is also responsible for emotion and learning.

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What are Synapses

• In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure
  that permits a neuron to pass an electrical
  charge or chemical signal to another cell.

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More on Synapses

• They are essential to neuronal function neurons
  are cells that are that are cells that are
  specialized to pass signals to individual target
  cells, and synapses are the means by which they
  do so.

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More on Synapses con

• The word synapse comes from synaptein. Sir
  Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues created
  from the Greek Syn meaning together, and
  Haptein meaning to clasp.

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What is a Ganglion?

• Well, in anatomy, ganglions are biological tissue
  masses, usually a mass of nerve cell bodies.
  Also, cells found in ganglions are called
  ganglion cells, though this is also sometimes
  used to refer to specifically to something called
  retinal ganglion cells.

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More on Ganglions

• In some dinosaurs, ganglions on the pelvis got so
  big in relativity to its brain that it was
  sometimes called the second brain.

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Basal Ganglion

• The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei in the
  brains of vertebrates, situated at the base of
  the forebrain that is connected with the cerebral
  cortex, thalamus and other areas.

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More on Basal Ganglia

• The basal ganglia are associated with a variety
  of functions, including motor control and
  learning. Experimental studies show that the
  basal ganglia exert an inhibitory influence on a
  number of motor systems, and that a release of
  this inhibition permits a motor system to become
  active.

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More on Hippocampus

• In rodents, the hippocampus has been studied
  extensively as part of the brain system
  responsible for spatial memory and navigation.
  Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus
  respond as place cells that is, they fire bursts
  of action potentials when the animal passes
  through a specific part of its environment.
  Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with
  head direction cells, whose activity acts as an
  inertial compass, and with grid cells in the
  neighboring entorhinal cortex.

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Neurologists

• A neurologist is a physician who specializes in
  neurology, and is trained to investigate, or
  diagnose and treat neurological disorders.
  Pediatric neurologists treat neurological disease
  in children.
• Estimated pay178,000/year with the higher end
  of the range shooting up to 345,000/year.

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Quick Facts
Did you know, the two cerebral hemispheres
account for 85 of the brains weight. The
billions of neurons in the two hemispheres are
connected by thick bundles of nerve fibers.
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Bibliography

• http//www.nutramed.com/brain/neurons.htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus
• http//www.psycheducation.org/emotion/hippocampus.
  htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron

• http//www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/Unr
  aveling/Part1/inside.htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion

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Questions

• ?